60 самых интересных каналов на YouTube

Телевизор давно вышел из моды — все ушли в интернет. Собрали 60 самых интересных YouTube-каналов о науке, технологиях и саморазвитии. Если бы просмотр YouTube-каналов мог быть навыком, требуемым работодателями!

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Vsauce — Ответы на вопросы о Вселенной, человеческом мозге и других загадках планеты.

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The Brachistochrone

BRAIN CANDY LIVE TICKETS: http://www.braincandylive.com/tickets
Links to sources and to learn more below!
MY TWITTER: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
MY INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
THE CURIOSITY BOX: https://www.curiositybox.com/

Stan Wagon “Roads and Wheels” [PDF]: http://web.mst.edu/~lmhall/Personal/RoadsWheels/RoadsWheels.pdf

3Blue1Brown video, “The Brachistochrone, with Steven Strogatz”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cld0p3a43fU

Pile of people visualization originally from this Vsauce1 video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6eOcd06kdk

Online spirograph: http://nathanfriend.io/inspirograph/

The Brachistochrone http://whistleralley.com/brachistochrone/brachistochrone.htm

Rolling:
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au//jw/rolling.htm
http://teacher.pas.rochester.edu/phy121/LectureNotes/Chapter12/Chapter12.html

Refraction of light:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-1/Refraction-and-Sight
http://www.funscience.in/study-zone/Physics/RefractionOfLight/AtmosphericRefraction.php
http://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/refractionhuygens_en.htm
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/particleorwave/refraction/
http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/telescopes/snellslaw.html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/FermatsPrincipleAndSnellsLaw/

Feynman on The Principle of Least Time: http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_26.html

cycloid as answer to brachistochrone: https://sinews.siam.org/About-the-Author/quick-find-a-solution-to-the-brachistochrone-problem-1

Music from:
https://www.youtube.com/jakechudnow
and
http://www.audionetwork.com

Roulette animations by Eric Langlay https://www.youtube.com/c/ericlanglay

good relevant Wikipedia articles:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachistochrone_curve
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautochrone_curve
https://goo.gl/SlRDhK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

Wolfram demonstration projects used:

"Cycloid Curves" from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CycloidCurves/
Contributed by: Sean Madsen
Additional contributions by: David von Seggern (U. Nevada, Reno)

"Shaping a Road and Finding the Corresponding Wheel" from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ShapingARoadAndFindingTheCorrespondingWheel/
Contributed by: Stan Wagon (Macalester College)
Fixed Points

My video on Sesame Studios: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTjAiyyG2sw
The Curiosity Box by Vsauce: https://www.curiositybox.com/
LINKS TO SOURCES BELOW!

My twitter: https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
My instagram: https://www.instagram.com/electricpants
DONG: https://www.youtube.com/dong

Moon Museum:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Museum

E.A.T. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiments_in_Art_and_Technology

Brouwer’s fixed point theorem:

http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php/Brouwer_Fixed_Point_Theorem
https://simanaitissays.com/2015/01/19/combed-coconut-must-have-cowlicks/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brouwer_fixed-point_theorem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86uarqPBJ9s

Excellent interactive wolfram demo of Brouwer: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BrouwerFixedPointTheorem/

Online graphing calculator used was: https://www.desmos.com/

fixed points more generally:

http://www.math.uri.edu/~kulenm/mth381pr/fixedpoint/fixedpoint.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_point_(mathematics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_iteration

Gullible

9s: http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/62561.html

Babylonian method:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Babylonian_method

Iterated equation solver you can use to run the Babylonian method: http://www.wolframalpha.com/widgets/view.jsp?id=e4a9b48a942efefa14b2773c31982c29

aleph fixed point:

https://lukepalmer.wordpress.com/2007/06/14/the-lesser-of-infinitely-many-evils/
http://cantorsattic.info/Aleph

My video on counting past infinity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrU9YDoXE88

map projections:

http://www.gis.osu.edu/misc/map-projections/
https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/transition/

antipodes: http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/where-is-your-antipode.html

antipode-finders:

https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/antipodes/
http://www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com/antipode-map/#.V-nBkZMrIUF

Pacific antipode image: http://i.imgur.com/dyJQ3EW.jpg

Borsuk-Ulam:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Px6fajpSio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sA3c0AhK34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhAs-vZDQG0

“four” is the cosmic number:
Standupmaths video about how four has four letters. So bummed I only found this AFTER I made this vid, check it out!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYKn0yUTIU4
http://theweeklyriddle.blogspot.com/2010/09/cosmic-number.html

“Idempotent”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idempotence

protocol_7’s comment: https://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/tw502/can_you_supply_an_elegant_proof/

Other topology pages:

http://www.solitaryroad.com/c775.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeomorphism

wiki images:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Rauschenberg_(1968).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg#/media/File:Claes_Oldenburg_(1970).jpg

Globe is from Ballerby & Co. Globemakers

http://www.bellerbyandco.com/
https://www.instagram.com/globemakers/

music from
http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
and http://www.audionetwork.com

Any VFX that actually look cool are by https://www.youtube.com/c/ericlanglay -- I did the rest the best I could 🙂
How To Count Past Infinity

my twitter: @tweetsauce
my instagram: electricpants

Sources and links to learn more below!

I’m very grateful to mathematician Hugh Woodin, Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics at Harvard, for taking the time on multiple occasions to discuss this topic with me and help me wrap my (finite) head around it.

I’m also grateful to David Eisenbud, the Director of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) and professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, for his help and for connecting me with Hugh Woodin.

And of course, big thanks to Brady Haran who created the “mile of pi” seen in this video and connected me with all these mathematicians in the first place. His channel, Numberphile, is superb: https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile

BOOKS related to these topics that I used:

“The Outer Limits of Reason” by Noson S. Yanofsky: http://amzn.com/0262019353
“Infinity and The Mind” by Rudy Rucker: http://amzn.com/0691121273
“Roads to Infinity” by John C. Stilwell: http://amzn.com/1568814666
“More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy” by Eric Steinhart: http://amzn.com/1551119099
“Satan, Cantor and Infinity: Mind-Boggling Puzzles” by Raymond M. Smullyan: http://amzn.com/0486470369

classic book that helps introduce concept of axioms: “Introduction to the Foundations of Mathematics” by Raymond L. Wilder: http://amzn.com/0486488209

Hugh Woodin speaking about infinity at the World Science Festival: https://youtu.be/KDCJZ81PwVM?t=29m45s

Names of large (finite) numbers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers

Geoglyphs:

The biggest number: https://goo.gl/maps/7GWcpnzo7iG2

Fovant badges: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovant_Badges

Battalion Park: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalion_Park

A mile of pi [VIDEO]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0r3cEKZiLmg

Wikipedia’s great visualization of ordinals out to omega^omega: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Omega-exp-omega-labeled.svg

as seen on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number

this is also a good page about ordinals: http://math.wikia.com/wiki/Ordinal_Number

also: http://www.cut-the-knot.org/WhatIs/Infinity/Ordinals.shtml

and: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_type and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-order

Axioms:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/30xokb/have_there_been_axioms_that_later_have_been/
http://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/5922/what-is-the-difference-between-dogma-and-an-axiom
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/BLOGPAPERS/belaxioms1.pdf
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/BLOGPAPERS/belaxioms2.pdf

THE UNREASONABLE EFFECTIVENSS OF MATHEMATICS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES
[PDF]: http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~aar/papers/wigner.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences

Large Cardinal game based on 2048: http://cantorontheshore.blogspot.it/2014/10/one-reinhardt-and-counting.html

Other good resources:

http://quibb.blogspot.com/2012/01/infinity-first-transfinite-cardinal.html
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/set-theory/
http://cantorsattic.info/Cantor%27s_Attic
http://cantorontheshore.blogspot.co.at/2014/09/artemis-fowl-and-large-cardinals_22.html
http://isomorphism.es/post/10782081422/what-comes-after-infinity-transfinite-arithmetic-and-ord
https://lukepalmer.wordpress.com/2007/06/14/the-lesser-of-infinitely-many-evils/

MUSIC BY:
http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
http://www.audionetwork.com
Math Magic

Links to sources, more math magic, and other cool things below!
My Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
My Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Thanks to Vanessa from BrainCraft! Check out her channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/braincraftvideo

Matt Parker's standupmaths channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/standupmaths

Matt's video I mention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNpGxZ_1KXU

STEMMathsMagic channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/STEMMathsMagic

The STEMMathsMagic video I reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-LO8zQ9eTs

STEMMathsMagic website (check out the manual!): http://www.mathematicalmagic.com/thetricks.html

mismag is amazing. He introduced me to MANY self-working mathematical tricks. Please check him out! https://www.youtube.com/user/mismag822

MUSIC in this episode is from:

Jake Chudnow: https://www.youtube.com/user/jakechudnow
zach mccoy: https://zachmccoy.bandcamp.com/
audionetwork: http://www.audionetwork.com

Shakespeare and Psalm 46:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalm_46
http://www.umsl.edu/~thomaskp/sbible.htm
https://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=13&article=925

Paper about which cards people think of most frequently (and more): http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/publications/download/Cards-OAR.pdf

52 factorial explained by Scott Czepiel: http://czep.net/weblog/52cards.html

Some good math magic articles:

http://www.maa.org/community/maa-columns/past-columns-card-colm/low-down-triple-dealing
http://www.futilitycloset.com/2015/06/25/color-scheme/
http://www.maa.org/external_archive/columns/colm/cardcolm200504.html
http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-mulcahy5
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/60379.html
Supertasks

The Vsauce Holiday Box is here! It's full of exclusive Vsauce merch, cool science toys, and ALL Vsauce proceeds are donated to Alzheimer’s research!! ORDER HERE: http://geekfuel.com/Vsauce

SOURCES AND EXTRAS:

my twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
my instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Gabriel’s horn:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Horn
http://blog.plover.com/math/gabriels-horn.html

Gabriel’s wedding cake:

https://oumathclub.wordpress.com/2015/01/25/gabriels-wedding-cake/
PDF: http://people.emich.edu/aross15/math121/misc/gabriels-horn-ma044.pdf

Supersolid PDF: http://people.emich.edu/aross15/math121/misc/love-1989-supersolids.pdf

Zeno’s supertask paradoxes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes
https://math.dartmouth.edu/~matc/Readers/HowManyAngels/SpaceTimeMotion/STM.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7Z9UnWOJNY

Staccato Zeno runner with no velocity/acceleration discontinuities: https://goo.gl/2mYdcT

General supertask reads:

http://personal.lse.ac.uk/robert49/ebooks/PhilSciAdventures/lecture25.html
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-supertasks/
http://mathpages.com/rr/s3-07/3-07.htm
https://math.dartmouth.edu/~matc/Readers/HowManyAngels/SpaceTimeMotion/STM.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertask
http://www.vordenker.de/gunther_web/achill1.htm

Big book of collected supertask writing: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0AzP9WLLJLcC&dq=order+type+of+the+integers&source=gbs_navlinks_s

PDF’s about supertasks:

http://pitt.edu/~jearman/EarmanNorton1996a.pdf
http://www.interciencia.es/infinity/thomsonlamp.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.0144.pdf
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/onjpl.pdf
http://personal.lse.ac.uk/ROBERT49/teaching/ph103/2013-2014/pdf/EarmanNorton_CommentsOnLauraudogoita.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.05847v1.pdf
http://www.phys.nthu.edu.tw/~pep/download/Drawer/187.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0212047.pdf

Plank scale:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_scale
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/P/Planck+Units
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1oetkk/eli5_why_is_a_planck_length_the_smallest_possible/

Hyper computation and supertasks:

http://georgschauer.com/2013/04/03/overcoming-constraints-on-reliability-in-nomologically-accessible-m-h-relativistic-hypercomputers/
http://www.hypercomputation.net/download/1996a_hogarth.pdf

Thomson’s Lamp:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson%27s_lamp
http://alexanderpruss.blogspot.ro/2009/05/thomson-lamp.html

Benacerraf on supertasks: [PDF] http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/hum9/benacerraf62-supertasks.pdf

Ordinal numbers (omega and omega+1):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number
http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/ordinals.htm
http://math.wikia.com/wiki/Ordinal_number

Ross-Littlewood paradox:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%E2%80%93Littlewood_paradox
https://angryfaic.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/four-paradoxes-involving-infinity/

New York Times Neanderthal genome article: http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/08/15/sleeping-with-the-enemy

Neanderthals:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/125-restless-genes/dobbs-text
https://rogerdhansen.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/the-wandering-gene/
and boats: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328544.800-neanderthals-were-ancient-mariners/

Another fun infinity paradox: http://lesswrong.com/lw/isp/on_the_importance_of_taking_limits_infinite/

SMBC Zeno comic: http://www.smbc-comics.com/?id=2759

MATH!

https://www.youtube.com/user/standupmaths
https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile
https://www.youtube.com/user/singingbanana
https://www.youtube.com/user/Vihart

music from:

http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
and
http://www.audionetwork.com
The Banach–Tarski Paradox

Want more brain food? Want your house to become a museum? Now you're thinking: http://www.curiositybox.com

Q: "What's an anagram of Banach-Tarski?"
A: "Banach-Tarski Banach-Tarski."

twitter: https://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Kevin’s Field Day video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zARMZ08ums

Field Day: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRPktNf5vnBR1J4e7t1RUVg

Deep dream animation by http://instagram.com/NaderMakki/

If you like it, you'll love this video also by Nader: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ9j_z2kXI0

Chocolate illusion: http://mathandmultimedia.com/2014/07/22/explanation-infinite-chocolate-bars/

Chocolate illusion video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmBsPgPu0Wc

related Numberphile videos:

sizes of infinity (includes diagonal argument): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elvOZm0d4H0
infinity paradoxes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDl7g_2x74Q

Vi Hart on types of infinity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23I5GS4JiDg
Countable & uncountable definitions:

http://mathinsight.org/definition/uncountable
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncountable_set

Banach-Tarski on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox

Banach-Tarski proofs:

http://math.uchicago.edu/~may/REU2014/REUPapers/Robinson.pdf
https://www.math.hmc.edu/~su/papers.dir/banachtarski.pdf
http://people.math.umass.edu/~weston/oldpapers/banach.pdf

Banach-Tarski explinations online:

http://www.irregularwebcomic.net/2339.html
http://www.kuro5hin.org/comments/2003/5/23/134430/275?pid=5#10
http://skepticsplay.blogspot.co.uk/2010/05/doubling-sphere.html
http://austinrochford.com/posts/2014-05-14-banach-tarski-paradox.html
http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/Summer2009/Whieldon/Math_Explorers_Club%3A__Lesson_Links/Entries/2009/7/28_Lesson_6%3A__Whats_an_Anagram_of_Banach-Tarski.html
http://rachellevanger.com/index_files/BT%20Animated%20Presentation%20Web.pdf
http://quibb.blogspot.co.uk/2013_03_01_archive.html
http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2011/04/what-did-banachs-wife-think-of-banach.html
https://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/tag/banach-tarski-paradox/
http://dgleahy.com/p47.html
https://www.math.hmc.edu/funfacts/ffiles/30001.1-3-8.shtml

Cayley graph animated gif: https://twitter.com/GIFsofWikipedia/status/624202342259240960

Hilbert’s hotel on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_paradox_of_the_Grand_Hotel

types of infinity: http://www.xamuel.com/levels-of-infinity/

set theory and quantum physics: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02213427#page-1

LHC gif: http://cms.web.cern.ch/news/lhc-data-be-made-public-open-access-initiative

Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of mathematics: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Zermelo-FraenkelAxioms.html

Is math invented or discovered?

http://phys.org/news/2013-09-mathematics-effective-world.html
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-universe-made-of-math-excerpt/

more deep dream images: https://www.reddit.com/r/deepdream/

BOOKS:

The Pea and the Sun: http://www.amazon.com/The-Pea-Sun-Mathematical-Paradox/dp/1568813279
The Outer Limits of Reason: http://www.amazon.com/Outer-Limits-Reason-Science-Mathematics/dp/0262019353
Why Beliefs Matter: http://www.amazon.com/Why-Beliefs-Matter-Reflections-Science/dp/0198704992
Things to Make and do in the Fourth Dimension: http://www.amazon.com/Things-Make-Fourth-Dimension-Mathematicians/dp/0374275653

Music by http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow and
http://www.audionetwork.com
Did The Past Really Happen?

Greece is full of wonderful new things and wonderful old things. But when WE become old things, will our ruins also be tourist attractions?
**Sources and extra info below!!**

me on twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
on instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Humorous/interesting videos about how future archeologists might interpret us:

VIDEO: “Beatles 3000”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2vU8M6CYI

VIDEO: “Neil deGrasse Tyson On Manhattanhenge”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iafX0awnxS8

Toto: http://allanellenberger.com/toto-finds-a-home-at-hollywood-forever/

“highway” vs “freeway”: http://sgtalcastro.blogspot.co.uk/2012/12/the-difference-between-highway-freeway.html

why are old things so often underground?:

http://goo.gl/u8SFFw
http://www.archaeological.org/education/askexpertsfaq#faq3

“Motel of Mysteries” (great book I remember from when I was a kid): http://www.amazon.co.uk/Motel-Mysteries-David-Macaulay/dp/0395284252/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1423256636&sr=8-1&keywords=motel+of+mysteries

Last Thursdayism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis
http://www.last-thursday.org/

Occam’s Razor: http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/occam.html

Newton’s Flaming Laser Sword: https://philosophynow.org/issues/46/Newtons_Flaming_Laser_Sword

other razors: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_(philosophy)

Interpreting the past (including us, when we become “the past”):

http://www.heritagedaily.com/2014/01/the-archaeology-of-the-future-part-2/56891
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320hist&civ/chapters/01HIST.htm
http://bigthink.com/videos/how-will-future-historians-see-us-2
http://www.albany.edu/~scifraud/data/sci_fraud_3486.html

This American Life on people in the future: http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/167/memo-to-the-people-of-the-future

The 15th century wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century#Significant_people

conservation of energy: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/187240/conservation-of-energy

history of perpetual motion: http://www.hp-gramatke.net/perpetuum/english/page0020.htm

Why old computers and consoles turn yellow: http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/189

the Second Law of Thermodynamics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/seclaw.html

Heat Death of the universe: http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae181.cfm

Good entropy resources:

http://entropysimple.oxy.edu/content.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=870y6GUKbwc
http://physics.ucsd.edu/do-the-math/2013/05/elusive-entropy/
http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/12/q-why-does-the-entropy-of-universe-always-increase-and-what-is-heat-death-of-the-universe/
http://www.learner.org/courses/chemistry/visuals/visuals.html?dis=U&num=Ym5WdElURS9NQ289
Is Earth Actually Flat?

follow: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
LOTS OF COOL LINKS BELOW!
Flat Earth gravity simulation by Yeti Dynamics: https://www.youtube.com/user/yetipc1

Kansas flatness study: (the pancakes used in the study were from IHOP): http://www.improb.com/airchives/paperair/volume9/v9i3/kansas.html

the flatness of other states: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/03/science-several-us-states-led-by-florida-are-flatter-than-a-pancake/284348/

"The Meaning Of It All" by Richard Feynman: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Meaning-All-Richard-Feynman/dp/0141031441

“The Pig That Wants to Be Eaten”: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Pig-That-Wants-Eaten/dp/1847081282

related Vsauce video, “Is Anything Real?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L45Q1_psDqk

Minutphysics “TOP 10 REASONS Why We Know the Earth is Round” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_W280R_Jt8

Good satirical series about how the Earth IS flat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83aYfmZpoSs

What if Earth was a cube?

https://possiblywrong.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/if-the-earth-were-a-cube/
http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/05/q-what-would-earth-be-like-to-us-if-it-were-a-cube-instead-of-spherical-is-this-even-possible/
http://gizmodo.com/how-gravity-would-be-different-if-the-world-were-a-cube-1492018223
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=421

MYTH of the round Earth:

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2011/09/21/who-discovered-the-earth-is-ro/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myth_of_the_Flat_Earth

Earth is round:

http://datagenetics.com/blog/june32012/index.html
http://www.wired.com/2011/06/how-to-estimate-the-radius-of-the-earth-with-a-lake/
https://web.archive.org/web/20100331205903/http://orfe.princeton.edu/~rvdb/tmp/sunsetTalkSmall.pdf

Varrazano bridge: http://www.ljhammond.com/phlit/2012-06c.htm

Varrazano spelling controversy: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/roseanne-colletti/verrazzano-versus-verraza_b_188479.html

Flat Earth Society:

http://theflatearthsociety.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_societies

Wilbur Glen Voliva:

http://blog.modernmechanix.com/5000-for-proving-the-earth-is-a-globe/
http://stevelyons.ca/projects/flat-earth-manifesto/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Glenn_Voliva

http://theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=61797.0#.VH-UhWSsXYH

Flat earth map (one theory): http://www.earthnotaglobe.com/library/Flat_Earth_Society_Map.jpg

Poe’s Law:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%27s_law
http://literallyunbelievable.org

Science is always provisional and theories are never conclusively proven:

http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-scientific-fundamentalist/200811/common-misconceptions-about-science-i-scientific-proof
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/09/14/geocentrism-seriously/#.VH3vzmSsXYF

Asimov on being “more wrong”: http://chem.tufts.edu/answersinscience/relativityofwrong.htm

Occam’s Razor: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/simplicity/

Newton’s flaming laser sword: https://philosophynow.org/issues/46/Newtons_Flaming_Laser_Sword

Other razors: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_%28philosophy%29

relativistic length contractions:

I really liked this one: http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/SpecRel/Flash/LengthContract.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/specrel/lc.cfm
http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/01/q-why-does-lorentz-contraction-only-act-in-the-direction-of-motion/

Earth and cosmic ray perspective:

http://www.reddit.com/comments/97gak/in_the_reference_frame_of_a_7035_tev_cosmic_ray
http://i.imgur.com/nfDHQ.jpg

wolfram contraction simulator: http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RelativisticCar/

Susan Haack: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundherentism

1996 election NYT crossword:

http://www.crosswordunclued.com/2009/01/nyt-election-day-crossword.html
http://cdn0.dailydot.com/uploaded/images/original/2013/2/12/nytimescrossword.jpg
What is Random?

There's more over on Veritasium! "What is NOT Random?": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMb00lz-IfE
SOURCES AND MORE BELOW!

My twitter: https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
My instagram: http://instagram.com/electricpants

Generate random numbers using atmospheric noise: http://www.random.org/

randomness:

http://www.random.org/randomness/
http://www.random.org/analysis/
http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/random/mainbody.html
http://faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/random/level23intro.html
https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~chaitin/sciamer.html

flipping a coin until 10 heads happen in a row: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwvIGNXY21Y

rolling dice until you get a Yahtzee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiTwar7mFws

find word in YouTube video URLs with this in Google: allinurl:[your word here] site:youtube.com/watch

"Random" as slang:

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/31/magazine/31FOB-onlanguage-t.html?_r=3&ref=on_language
http://www.theawl.com/2011/03/our-obsession-with-the-word-random-fear-of-a-millennial-planet

The many sides of dice: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dice_by_number_of_sides#D100

non-transitive dice: http://mathsgear.co.uk/products/non-transitive-grime-dice

Checking the fairness of dice:

http://www.awesomedice.com/blog/353/d20-dice-randomness-test-chessex-vs-gamescience/
http://www.1000d4.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/dice-unified-final-big.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKhpYJzCcSw
http://www.dakkadakka.com/wiki/en/That's_How_I_Roll_-_A_Scientific_Analysis_of_Dice
http://www.insidescience.org/blog/2012/09/12/dice-rolls-are-not-completely-random

A fancy super-fair die:

http://kotaku.com/the-most-technologically-advanced-six-sided-die-ever-1183763055

coin-flipping odds:

http://econ.ucsb.edu/~doug/240a/Coin%20Flip.htm
[PDF] http://statweb.stanford.edu/~susan/papers/headswithJ.pdf
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/chance_news/recent_news/chance_news_11.02.html#item2

a nickel landing on it's side:

http://labs.adsabs.harvard.edu/adsabs/abs/1993PhRvE..48.2547M/
[PDF]: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.4559.pdf

a book that will keep you guessing: http://www.amazon.com/Million-Random-Digits-Normal-Deviates/dp/0833030477/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top

17 'feels' random: http://scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/2007/02/05/is-17-the-most-random-number/

How to be random (er.. wandom): http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Random

Bell's inequality:

http://drchinese.com/David/Bell_Theorem_Easy_Math.htm
http://www.felderbooks.com/papers/bell.html
http://www.quantiki.org/wiki/Bell's_theorem

Bell's inequality videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-s3q9wlLag
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zfnvGXpy-g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qd-tKr0LJTM

You can't even handle how wandom and quirky I am: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STSNHeAtETM

160 Greatest Arnold Schwarzenegger Quotes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDxn0Xfqkgw
Some Surprising Things

A paradox and some counterintuitive & surprising things that have been on my mind while meeting you guys during YouTube Fan Fest!
**Subscribe to Vsauce and Veritasium to see our upcoming COLLAB!!** Veritasium: https://www.youtube.com/user/1veritasium

FOLLOW: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
INSTA: http://instagram.com/electricpants

My show in Singapore for YouTube FanFest: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFxwhoCZei0

Great Monty Hall videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Lb-6rxZxx0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njqrSvGz8Ps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7u6kFlWZOWg

Three Prisoners Problem on wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Prisoners_problem

unclimbed peaks: http://www.peakware.com/highest.html?list=unclimbed

Earth spinning footage: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a001300/a001371/

baseballs and air humidity: http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/howfar3.html

the word "normal": https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=normal

standard deviation and means: http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/descriptive2.html

normal distribution:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normality_(behavior)

MUSIC BY: http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
How Many Things Are There?

follow: @tweetsauce https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
SOURCES BELOW

music by http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
and from http://www.audionetwork.com/

My instagram: http://instagram.com/electricpants

Big thanks to https://www.youtube.com/user/Vihart
and https://www.youtube.com/user/minutephysics
for help with this journey.

Human biomass volume: http://eesmyal.com/2012/02/human-cube/

spit facts: http://www.livescience.com/32208-how-much-spit-does-a-person-produce.html

LEGOs: http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/10/23/lego-movie-peek-will-ferrell/2918385/

sand calculation: http://www.hawaii.edu/suremath/jsand.html

sun in different wavelengths gif: http://imgur.com/gallery/H4IhGCg

Sun image: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/light-wavelengths.html

totally neat minutephysics video on the observable universe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NU2t5zlxQQ

AWESOME and relevant numberphile video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GEebx72-qs

Does MATH exist? PBS Idea Channel VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbNymweHW4E

Our universe by the numbers: http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/numbers.html

Galaxy visuals: http://workshop.chromeexperiments.com/stars/

reddit thread on reductionist counts: http://www.reddit.com/r/DebateReligion/comments/xqjl7/to_nonreductionists_how_many_things_are_there/

How big is the Universe:

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2012/07/18/how-big-is-the-entire-universe/
[PDF] http://cosmos.phy.tufts.edu/~zirbel/ast21/sciam/IsSpaceFinite.pdf
http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/22390/would-one-actually-find-their-doppleganger-in-a-googolplex-universe
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/faq.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/blogs/physics/2012/10/how-large-is-the-observable-universe/

particles in the universe: http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/1631/total-number-of-subatomic-particles-in-the-universe-are-they-finite-assuming

Possible thought links:

http://www.scottaaronson.com/writings/finite.html
http://www.eubios.info/EJ132/ej132g.htm
http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/355/1/NCRG_92_001.pdf

THINGING: http://philosophyisnotaluxury.com/2011/03/02/to-thing-a-new-verb/

average sentence length: http://strainindex.wordpress.com/2008/07/28/the-average-sentence-length/

relavant wikipedia links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_length
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1oetkk/eli5_why_is_a_planck_length_the_smallest_possible/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremermann%27s_limit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
Is Anything Real?

UNANSWERED QUESTIONS MEGA-COLLAB: http://youtu.be/UFydagCS9fg

Follow me: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce

LINKS/SOURCES:

music by: http://www.youtube.com/user/jakechudnow/

song at end: "Pious Reflection" by Paul Mottram downloaded from http://www.audionetwork.com/
it's on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kszd5IGq_k

Human senses:

http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/question242.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense

Color illusion: http://loriputnampaints.blogspot.com.es/2010_03_01_archive.html

Audio illusion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9VMfdG873E

temperature illusion: http://exs.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/hot-and-cold/

Tactile illusions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_illusion

epistemology wiki pages:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistomology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_justification

proof:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_(truth)
http://thesaurus.com/browse/proof

a priori truth [pdf]: http://consequently.org/papers/apriori.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori_(philosophy)

rotating brain gif: http://lcni.uoregon.edu/~dow/Space_software/Space_animations/rotating_brain.gif

neuroscience of memory:

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/309/5731/92.full
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomy_of_memory
http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/123485-mit-discovers-the-location-of-memories-individual-neurons
http://www.brainfacts.org/sensing-thinking-behaving/learning-and-memory/articles/2012/storing-memories/

LTP:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwp5sfsy-hI
http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/neuroscience/long-term-potentiation-93811.aspx

engrams: http://brainsandcognition.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/the-ever-elusive-engram/

storage of human brain: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-memory-capacity

SKYentists: https://twitter.com/nice_mustard/status/339767730230157312

philosophy of science:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivist_epistemology

The Matrix defense:

http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2003/11/09/the_matrix_defense/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix_defense

solipsism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solipsism
http://philosophynow.org/issues/57/How_Can_I_Know_Anything_At_All
http://onlinephilosophyclub.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=10

Martin Gardner books:

http://bit.ly/19CvvoG
http://amzn.to/Zou74W

why cats like keyboards: http://kotaku.com/5991046/why-cats-love-sitting-on-keyboards
If

http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
Euronews Knowledge channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/euronewsknowledge
LINKS BELOW!

Music by: http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow

Vega rocket launch: http://www.euronews.com/2013/05/07/european-rocket-lifts-off-from-french-guiana/

Live wind map: http://hint.fm/wind/

CARPE DIEM tool: http://theblog.de/projects/carpediem/

Solar Scope: http://www.solarsystemscope.com/

Double pendulum gif: http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_loshhy8REd1qfg7o3o1_400.gif

"Death By Black Hole" book: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Death-Black-Hole-Cosmic-Quandaries/dp/0393330168

Voyager retrospective [video]: http://archive.org/details/voyager-a_retrospective_1990

Butterfly Effect paper [PDF}: http://eaps4.mit.edu/research/Lorenz/Butterfly_1972.pdf

Reynaldo Dagsa: http://petapixel.com/2011/01/04/politician-accidentally-captures-his-own-assassin-on-camera/

Great historical "what is?" subreddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/HistoricalWhatIf

An ENTIRE collection of EAS messages [VIDEOS]: https://www.youtube.com/user/theEASexperience

Emergency Alert System: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Alert_System

EAS text-to-speech voices: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/newvoice.htm

NORAD: http://science.howstuffworks.com/norad.htm

NORAD [official]: http://www.norad.mil/

Seed Vault: http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/lmd/campain/svalbard-global-seed-vault.html?id=462220

Moscow Cosmonaut museum: http://www.moscow.info/museums/cosmonautics-memorial-museum.aspx

Krechet-94 suit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krechet-94

Soviet space dogs: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs

Laika: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laika

William Safire talks about moon disaster speech: http://watergate.info/1969/07/20/an-undelivered-nixon-speech.html

Read full moon disaster speech: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2193732/President-Nixon-The-moving-speech-delivered-Apollo-11-astronauts-return.html

More speeches that were never given: http://www.cracked.com/article_19553_6-terrifying-real-speeches-that-were-thankfully-never-given.html

Satellites:

ESTCube-1 (electric solar sail test): http://www.estcube.eu

Proba-V: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Technology/Proba_Missions/About_Proba-V

VNREDSAT-1: http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/programme/vnredsat-1.html

For when you need it: http://i.minus.com/izyuqbwYKNQEG.gif
How Many Holes Does a Human Have?

Now you're thinking: https://www.curiositybox.com

https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
https://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Special thanks to @Chubbyemu and Evelyn Lamb (https://twitter.com/evelynjlamb) for answering my questions about the body and holes, respectively.

wardrobe by: https://twitter.com/dasharez0ne

An article from Evelyn about holes: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/roots-of-unity/what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-holes/

the philosophy of holes: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/holes/

Coffee mug + doughnut sculptures and video from @Henry Segerman :
VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NlqYr6-TpA
BUY: https://www.shapeways.com/product/6CJQ9GXWW/topology-joke?li=shareProduct&&

sun footage: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12326

anatomy of the nasal cavity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJEenATGwg8

Supernumerary Puncta: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-5616-1_21

accessory ostium:
https://www.icoi.org/glossary/accessory-ostium/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3266099/

3D visual effects: Eric Langlay
Toilet scene effects: me and Jake Roper and Eric Langlay
music: Jake Chudnow and Audio Network

Send me Stuff!
Michael Stevens
PO Box 33168
L.A. CA 90033
The Odd Number Rule

Subscribe to our Curiosity Box! https://www.curiositybox.com
Learn more about our new Inquisitive Fellowship: https://www.curiositybox.com/pages/inquisitivefellowship

follow me:
https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
https://www.instagram.com/electricpants

Buddy the dog: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Buddy_(dog)

Franz Ferdinand's car:
https://news.sky.com/story/a-ii-ii-18-franz-ferdinands-prophetic-number-plate-11551176
https://youtu.be/mkJ0Y8y0_is

The beginnings of World War One: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/euro-hist/world-war-i-tutorial/v/assassination-of-franz-ferdinand-by-gavrilo-princip

Galileo and the odd number rule: http://www.mcm.edu/academic/galileo/ars/arshtml/mathofmotion1.html

A GREAT book about the history of our understanding of how things move -- including some great sections about Galileo: https://www.amazon.com/Discovery-Dynamics-Structure-Dynamical-Theories/dp/0195132025

Parity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(mathematics)

centipedes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centipede
https://www.nature.com/articles/6800139

Colorado and its 697 sides: https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/colorado-is-not-a-rectangle

Washington State '96-'97 handbook: https://web.archive.org/web/19970222053010/http://www.wiaa.com/handbook/art18.html

Washington state rules for allowed exceptions to the half-time or more enrollment requirement: https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?Cite=28A.225.010

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In a Nutshell — Очень стильные видео на научную тематику.

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How Many People Did Nuclear Energy Kill? Nuclear Death Toll

The first 1000 people to use this link will get a free trial of Skillshare:
https://skl.sh/kurzgesagtinanutshell01211

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-nuclear-death-toll/

Nuclear energy creates an uneasy feeling of danger for many people: ancient and dangerous minerals are concentrated to awaken seemingly unnatural powers, creating toxic elements that, if they escape, can and have killed people in horrible ways. How many people has nuclear energy killed and how?

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What if We Nuke the Moon?

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What would happen if we were to detonate a very very powerful nuclear weapon on the moon? Would the explosion knock its orbit towards earth, causing tidal waves and misery? Could the moon be destroyed, showering the earth in a rain of meteoric death?

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What If Earth got Kicked Out of the Solar System? Rogue Earth

To get a fresh perspective on science, go to https://brilliant.org/Nutshell/ and sign up free. And there’s an extra perk for kurzgesagt viewers: the first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course. Thanks to our friends from Brilliant for supporting this channel.

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The night sky seems peaceful and orderly. But in reality, stars are careening through the galaxy at speeds of hundreds of thousands of kilometres per hour. Not bound by static formations but changing neighbourhoods constantly. Fortunately space is big, and so the stars of the Milky Way are very unlikely to hit us. Unfortunately, they don’t have to hit anything to make us have a really bad time on earth. And there are already stars starting to get very close.

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Geoengineering: A Horrible Idea We Might Have to Do

To support Kurzgesagt and learn more about Brilliant, go to https://www.brilliant.org/nutshell and sign up for free. The first 200 people that go to that link will get 20% off the annual Premium subscription.
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By the end of the 21st century, humanity is becoming desperate. Decades of heatwaves and droughts have led to unusually poor harvests, while the warming oceans yield fewer fish each year. In the tropical zones, millions suffer from famine and resource wars have made millions more flee to the north. As things quickly get worse, in an act of desperation, the world's governments decide to enact an emergency plan...
It is far from certain that a grim scenario like this will play out. But the failure of world leaders to effectively address climate change, makes it far from impossible.
So in the near future it might become necessary to try something radical to slow down rapid climate change: Geoengineering. Interventions so massive in scale that they might undo centuries of human behavior. Or make everything much worse.
What is geoengineering, is it really an option and what if it goes wrong?

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When Time Became History - The Human Era

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For the fifth time, we present to you the Human Era Calendar for the year 12,021 – this time it is all about the journey of humanity, beginning tens of thousands of years ago, leading into the revolution of agriculture, to ancient high civilizations and the beginning of modern times, culminating in a vision for our future. You can get the limited Edition now until we sell out and then never again. As always the calendar features 12 illustrated pages printed on high quality paper in Europe and the US. And this year the cover is especially shiny. The calendar will look great on your wall and let you dream about a glorious future. We truly have come far as a species!

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Is It Too Late To Stop Climate Change? Well, it's Complicated.

A special thanks to the team at Our World for helping us out with data and research!
https://ourworldindata.org/

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-climate-solve/

This video is part of a series about climate change supported by Breakthrough Energy – a coalition founded by Bill Gates, that is working to expand clean-energy investment and support the innovations that will lead the world to net-zero carbon emissions.
https://www.gatesnotes.com/Climate-and-energy?WT.mc_id=20200625100000_ClimateCtr2020_CTRKurt-YT_&WT.tsrc=CTRKurtYT

Climate Change is just too much. There is never any good news. Only graphs that get more and more red and angry. Almost every year breaks some horrible record, from the harshest heat waves to the most rapid Glacier melt. It’s endless and relentless.

We have known for decades that rapid Climate Change is being caused by the release of Greenhouse Gases. But instead of reducing them, in 2019 the world was emitting 50% more CO2 than in the year 2000. And emissions are still rising. Why is that? Why is it so hard to just stop emitting these gases?

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The Largest Star in the Universe – Size Comparison

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https://sites.google.com/view/sourceslargeststar

Wait But Why:
https://waitbutwhy.com/

Video on Red Dwarfs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LS-VPyLaJFM&vl=pt

What is the largest star in the Universe? And why is it that large? And what ARE stars anyway?

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What Do Alien Civilizations Look Like? The Kardashev Scale

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The observable universe is a big place that has been around for more than 13 billion years. Up to two trillion galaxies made up of something like 20,000 billion billion stars surround our home galaxy. In the milky way alone scientists assume there are some 40 billion earth like planets in the habitable zone of their stars. When we look at these numbers it is hard to imagine that there is nobody else out there.

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Could Solar Storms Destroy Civilization? Solar Flares & Coronal Mass Ejections

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We have a bunch of new stuff, from the long requested bacteriophage infographic poster to a new Optimistic Nihilism poster that lets you enjoy some existential dread in style. Or join us in our ant obsession and get the new Ant Explorer Notebook, with beautiful infographics and facts about ants and gold lettering on the cover. If you’d rather update your wardrobe, have a look at our beanies or T Shirts. Or you know, all the other stuff!
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The sun. Smooth and round and peaceful. Except when it suddenly vomits radiation and plasma in random directions. These solar flares and coronal mass ejections, or CMEs can hit earth and have serious consequences for humanity.

How exactly do they work, how bad could they be and can we prepare for them?

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The Past We Can Never Return To – The Anthropocene Reviewed

You can listen to all episodes of The Anthropocene Reviewed for free here:
https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/anthropocene-reviewed

In September of 1940, an 18-year-old mechanic named Marcel Ravidat was walking his dog, Robot, in the countryside of Southwestern France when the dog disappeared down a hole. Robot eventually returned but the next day, Ravidat went to the spot with three friends to explore the hole.

And after quite a bit of digging, they discovered a cave with walls covered with paintings, including over 900 paintings of animals, horses, stags, bison and also species that are now extinct, including a wooly rhinoceros. The paintings were astonishingly detailed and vivid with red, yellow and black paint made from pulverized mineral pigments that were usually blown through a narrow tube, possibly a hollowed bone, onto the walls of the cave. It would eventually be established that these artworks were at least 17,000 years old.

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Why Are You Alive – Life, Energy & ATP

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At this very second, you are on a narrow ledge between life and death. You probably don’t feel it, but there is an incredible amount of activity going on inside you. And this activity can never stop.

Picture yourself as a slinky falling down an escalator moving upwards – the falling part represents the self replicating processes of your cells, the escalator represents the laws of physics, driving you forwards. To be alive is to be in motion but never arriving anywhere. If you reach the top of the escalator there is no more falling possible and you are dead forever.

Somewhat unsettlingly, the universe wants you to reach the top. How do you avoid that and why are you alive?

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The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do

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▼▼ More infos and links are just a click away ▼▼

A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with the video. Especially “Our World in Data”, the online publication for research and data on the world’s largest problems – and how to make progress solving them. Check out their site. It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona Pandemic.

In December 2019 the Chinese authorities notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities. In the following months it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days. This virus is the “Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2”, that causes the disease called COVID19, and that everyone simply calls Coronavirus.

What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do?

Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sourcescorona

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OUR MUSIC ♬♪
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700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

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Why Blue Whales Don't Get Cancer - Peto's Paradox

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▼▼ More infos and links are just a click away ▼▼

Cancer is a creepy and mysterious thing. While we tried to understand it, to get better at killing it, we discovered a biological paradox that remains unsolved to this day: large animals seem to be immune to cancer. Which doesn’t make any sense – the bigger a being, the more cancer it should have. To understand why, we first need to take a look at the nature of cancer itself.

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sourcespetosparadox/

OUR CHANNELS
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Get Merch designed with ❤ from https://kgs.link/shop
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The Kurzgesagt voice is from
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OUR MUSIC ♬♪
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700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3cjYgvW
Bandcamp: https://bit.ly/39h7E1C

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Dennis Barzanoff, HGING231, Taylor Sutton, Agazzy Kan, Isabelle Sagastume, Richard Larsen, Carini, Arvīds Pelēcis, chrisnov, Anish Weerasooriya, Erik Stafford, Apoorva Chandra, Renee Annan, Alex Cross, Jan Karlík, Alexander Fielding, Lukas Schmidt, André, Jianzhuo Wu, Dina Andrei, Iskandar 323, Promethius84 ., Michael Altherr, Devon Meyer, Honza Tomášek, Da Yi, stephanie santos, Kyrill Abrams, Scott Blechman, Alexandre Valdetaro, Balázs Varju, TheBozzCL, Bufe, Mr_Blu42, Kamil, Scott, Alan Lu, Chris Gardner, Youssef Adib, Sean Markham, R, Severin Klingler, Sebastian, Gurneel Kang, SatanicPanic, ohad shalev, Grayson Gordon, 健樑黃, Taavi Taijala, Lara Rimassa, Paul Wittau, Sir. Forest, schanuel, Cleo Wong, Mihaela Ciobanu, Tibor, secure taka, GeF, rolf redford, Martin Kärgell, Devyn Phillips, Tiger Darian
How to Move the Sun: Stellar Engines

Sources and further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-stellar-engines

Get your Stellar Engine Infographic Poster here:
https://shop.kurzgesagt.org

Nothing in the Universe is static. In the milky way, billions of stars orbit the galactic center.
Some, like our sun, are pretty consistent, keeping a distance of around 30,000 light years from the galactic center, completing an orbit every 230 million years.

This dance is not an orderly ballet - more like a skating rink filled with drunk toddlers. This chaos makes the galaxy dangerous. Our solar neighbourhood is constantly changing, with stars moving hundreds of kilometers every second.

Only the vast distances between objects protect us from the dangers out there. But we might get unlucky in the future. At some point we could encounter a star going supernova. Or a massive object passing by and showering earth with asteroids.

If something like this were to happen we would likely know thousands, if not millions of years in advance. But we still couldn’t do much about it.

Unless… we move our whole solar system out of the way.

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OUR VOICE
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The Kurzgesagt voice is from
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OUR MUSIC ♬♪
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700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
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Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
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Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:

Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/34L3USG
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Facebook: http://bit.ly/2qW6bY4

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Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:

Patrick Hall, Evan Wenden, riz, Nick Rose, Kevin, Patrick Huizinga, Mike Chang, Deddy Jobson, David Nir, Danny Mill, Kai Hebeler, Gabriel Averett, Pierre Xavier, Rohan Kapoor, Bray Demonbreun, Olivier L, Jared Capelle, Mike, Pierre Krenn, Kristofer Kirss, The Captain, Имяя Фамилияя, Marie Samira, Hekmon, Dsurian, Martina, William Wold, Carston Cook, Daniel Bruce, Milan Juza, michal pol, Dmitry Sadakov, Brian Tieskoetter, kagami suigin, Rosamelia, Amir Johnson, Spencer Byars, Jarrod Parsons, Tayler Martin, bmwniquester, Saito Nakamura, Arnulf Kraan, Emilia Liu, Roosevelt Perry, Frank Blood, Máté Szabó, Kasper Kylmälä, Zach Riddle, Damian Campbell, XeleX55, Johann Pardanaud, Cemil Urganci, 3theNet
An Antidote to Dissatisfaction

2nd edition of our gratitude journal is now available for pre-order: https://shop.kurzgesagt.org/
WORLDWIDE SHIPPING IS AVAILABLE!

We want to get you the best shipping fees. So If you’re located in the EU, please order from our EU-warehouse. If you’re located anywhere else in the world, please go to our World Wide Shop. (The link is the same you will be asked to choose your location once you are there.)
Thanks to everyone for the support!

Sources: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-dissatisfaction/

Everybody is familiar with the feeling that things are not as they should be. That you are not successful enough, your relationships not satisfying enough. That you don’t have the things you crave.

In this video we want to talk about one of the strongest predictors of how happy people are, how easily they make friends and how good they are at dealing with hardship. An antidote against dissatisfaction so to speak: Gratitude.

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HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
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This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!

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OUR VOICE
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The Kurzgesagt voice is from
Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice

OUR MUSIC ♬♪
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain:

Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud
Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp
Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube
Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook

The Soundtrack of this video:
Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/38aJ6He
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Facebook: http://bit.ly/2qW6bY4

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Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons from http://kgs.link/patreon who support us every month and made this video possible:

Patrick Hall, Evan Wenden, riz, Nick Rose, Kevin, Patrick Huizinga, Mike Chang, Deddy Jobson, David Nir, Danny Mill, Kai Hebeler, Gabriel Averett, Pierre Xavier, Rohan Kapoor, Bray Demonbreun, Olivier L, Jared Capelle, Mike, Pierre Krenn, Kristofer Kirss, The Captain, Имяя Фамилияя, Marie Samira, Hekmon, Dsurian, Martina, William Wold, Carston Cook, Daniel Bruce, Milan Juza, michal pol, Dmitry Sadakov, Brian Tieskoetter, kagami suigin, Rosamelia, Amir Johnson, Spencer Byars, Jarrod Parsons, Tayler Martin, bmwniquester, Saito Nakamura, Arnulf Kraan, Emilia Liu, Roosevelt Perry, Frank Blood, Máté Szabó, Kasper Kylmälä, Zach Riddle, Damian Campbell, XeleX55, Johann Pardanaud, Cemil Urganci, 3theNet

Prev 1 of 3 Next

C. G. P. Grey — На канале рассказывают о политике, географии и культуре.

Prev 1 of 1 Next

Q&A with Grey: Ten Years Later

‣ Deleted scenes on patreon: https://www.patreon.com/posts/48076548 and youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STMX20aB4Wo

‣ Discuss this video: https://www.reddit.com/r/cgpgrey

## Related Videos

UK Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

Solution to Traffic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHzzSao6ypE

Driving a Tesla: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_naDg-guomA

Project Liberty: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgZ1f4ACZBQ

Tumbleweed: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsWr_JWTZss

Talk Like a Pirate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YFeE1eDlD0

TEKOI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCeMCwxayp0

Bestagons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thOifuHs6eY

## Bonnie Bees

Tim Stumbaugh, Bob Kunz, Steven Snow, Ben Delo, John Buchan, Nevin Spoljaric, Donal Botkin, BN-12, Bobby, Chris Chapin, David F Watson, Richard Jenkins, Steven Grimm, سليمان العقل, Phil Gardner, Martin, Ben Schwab, Colin Millions, Saki Comandao, Jason Lewandowski, Marco Arment, emptymachine, Andrew Bereza, Rebecca Wortham, George Lin, rictic, Henry Ng, Awoo, Fuesu, Nick Fish, Nick Gibson, Tyler Bryant, Oliver Steele, David Tyler, iulus, Jordan Earls, Kermit Norlund, Bryan McLemore, Alex Simonides, Felix Weis, Christopher Mutchler, Ryan Tripicchio, Derek Bonner, Mikko, Orbit_Junkie, Paul Alom, Tómas Árni Jónasson, Julien Dubois, Derek Jackson, Ron Bowes, Nicholas Welna, Bear, David Palomares, Freddi Hørlyck, John Rogers, Peter Lomax, ShiroiYami, Tristan Watts-Willis, chrysilis, Drago175, Emil, Esteban Santana Santana, Rhys Parry, Veronica Peshterianu, John Lee, Maxime Zielony, Elizabeth Keathley, Birdstryke

## Music

David Rees: http://www.davidreesmusic.com
Writing Music & YouTube Subscriptions [Decade Q&A Deleted Scenes]
Escape from Lockdown!

‣ Thank you, Bonnie Bee Brigade, for making this video possible: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2C_jShtL725hvbm1arSV9w/join
‣ Discuss this video: https://old.reddit.com/r/CGPGrey/comments/lnnv4l/escape_from_lockdown/

More Grey Goes Outside: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_naDg-guomA&list=PLqs5ohhass_Tm5UfnXNWl7qBDy66lOdKg

## Special Thanks

## Crowdfunders
Steven Snow, Ben Delo, John Buchan, Nevin Spoljaric, Donal Botkin, BN-12, Bobby, Chris Chapin, David F Watson, Richard Jenkins, Steven Grimm, سليمان العقل, Phil Gardner, Martin, Ben Schwab, Colin Millions, Saki Comandao, Jason Lewandowski, Marco Arment, emptymachine, Andrew Bereza, Rebecca Wortham, George Lin, rictic, Henry Ng, Awoo, Fuesu, Nick Fish, Nick Gibson, Tyler Bryant, Oliver Steele, David Tyler, iulus, Jordan Earls, Kermit Norlund, Bryan McLemore, Alex Simonides, Felix Weis, Christopher Mutchler, Ryan Tripicchio, Derek Bonner, Mikko, Orbit_Junkie, Paul Alom, Tómas Árni Jónasson, Julien Dubois, Derek Jackson, Ron Bowes, Nicholas Welna, Bear, David Palomares, Freddi Hørlyck, John Rogers, Peter Lomax, ShiroiYami, Tristan Watts-Willis, chrysilis, Drago175, Emil, Esteban Santana Santana, Rhys Parry, Veronica Peshterianu, John Lee, Maxime Zielony, Elizabeth Keathley, Birdstryke

## Music

Shine by Mindthings (Album: Resonance)
https://mindthings.bandcamp.com/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mindthings
SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/mindthings/02-shine-mp3

Closing it all by Remy Bourgeois (Album: Bal de Nuit EP)
https://www.jamendo.com/artist/473433/remy-bourgeois
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6ezPEiNPKABLthiwi15ZyQ/featured
SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/remybourgeois
❄️🇬🇧 London Snow Day 🇬🇧❄️

Stay warm & support the vlogs, grab yourself a Grey Hoodie: https://store.dftba.com/collections/all/products/cgp-grey-logo-hoodie
🎄🔎 A Sherlock Holmes Christmas: Grey Reads The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle 🔍🎄

https://www.reddit.com/r/CGPGrey/comments/kjmtsf/a_sherlock_holmes_christmas_grey_reads_the/
The Theme System Journal

Get a journal at: https://cottonbureau.com/products/the-theme-system-journal#/6880807/grey-paper-5x8
Behind the Scenes of "Hexagons are the Bestagons"

Main video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thOifuHs6eY
Hexagons are the Bestagons

‣ Behind the Scenes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4R3N1oeKbE4

‣ Hexagons are the Bestagons shirt: https://store.dftba.com/collections/all/products/hexagons-t-shirt

‣ Thank you Crowdfunders for making this video possible: https://www.patreon.com/cgpgrey

‣ Discuss this video: https://www.reddit.com/r/cgpgrey

## Special Thanks

Professor Dave Explains
London Maths
David Sheard

## Crowdfunders

Steven Snow, John Buchan, Nevin Spoljaric, Donal Botkin, BN-12 , Ben Delo, Bobby , Chris Chapin, Richard Jenkins, Phil Gardner, Martin, Steven Grimm, سليمان العقل, David F Watson, Colin Millions, Ben Schwab, Saki Comandao, Jason Lewandowski, Marco Arment, Shantanu Raj, rictic , emptymachine , George Lin, Henry Ng, Thunda Plum, Awoo , David Tyler, Fuesu , iulus , Jordan Earls, Joshua Jamison, Nick Fish, Nick Gibson, Tyler Bryant, Oliver Steele, Andrew Bereza, Kermit Norlund, Kevin Costello, Rebecca Wortham, Derek Bonner, Derek Jackson, Mikko , Orbit_Junkie , Ron Bowes, Tómas Árni Jónasson, Bryan McLemore, Kyle Wayman, Alex Simonides, Felix Weis, Melvin Sowah, Christopher Mutchler, Giulio Bontadini, Paul Alom, Ryan Tripicchio, Scot Melville, Julien Dubois, Bear , chrysilis , David Palomares, Emil , Erik Parasiuk, Esteban Santana Santana, Freddi Hørlyck, John Rogers, Leon , Peter Lomax, Rhys Parry, ShiroiYami , Tristan Watts-Willis, Veronica Peshterianu, Dag Viggo Lokøen, John Lee, Maxime Zielony, Elizabeth Keathley, and Nicholas Welna

## Music

David Rees: http://www.davidreesmusic.com
🦠 Grey Reads "The Masque of the Red Death" for Pandemicween 🦠

The Masque of the Red Death, Edgar Allan Poe. Published 1842.

Also for Halloween:

"The Yellow Wallpaper": https://youtu.be/QSlJ98eLHUc

"The Monkey's Paw": https://youtu.be/aYYUZ9rj5dI
🎃 Grey Reads "The Yellow Wallpaper" for Halloween 🎃

"The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Published 1892.

Also for Halloween, "The Monkey's Paw": https://youtu.be/aYYUZ9rj5dI

And for Pandemicween, "The Masque of the Red Death": https://youtu.be/QAIy155xeh4
🎃 Grey Reads "The Monkey's Paw" for Halloween 🎃

"The Monkey's Paw" by W. W. Jacobs. Published 1902.

Also for Halloween, "The Yellow Wallpaper": https://youtu.be/QSlJ98eLHUc

And for Pandemicween, "The Masque of the Red Death": https://youtu.be/QAIy155xeh4
The Most Deadly Job in America -- And What Happens Next

‣ Thank you, crowdfunders, for making this video possible: https://www.patreon.com/cgpgrey

‣ Grey Reads the 25th Amendment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJlOb7n_iCI

## Crowdfunders

Steven Snow, John Buchan, Nevin Spoljaric, Donal Botkin, BN-12 , Ben Delo, Bobby , Chris Chapin, Richard Jenkins, Phil Gardner, Martin, Steven Grimm, سليمان العقل, David F Watson, Colin Millions, Ben Schwab, Saki Comandao, Jason Lewandowski, Marco Arment, Shantanu Raj, rictic , emptymachine , George Lin, Henry Ng, Thunda Plum, Awoo , David Tyler, Fuesu , iulus , Jordan Earls, Joshua Jamison, Nick Fish, Nick Gibson, Tyler Bryant, Oliver Steele, Andrew Bereza, Kermit Norlund, Kevin Costello, Rebecca Wortham, Derek Bonner, Derek Jackson, Mikko , Orbit_Junkie , Ron Bowes, Tómas Árni Jónasson, Bryan McLemore, Kyle Wayman, Alex Simonides, Felix Weis, Melvin Sowah, Christopher Mutchler, Giulio Bontadini, Paul Alom, Ryan Tripicchio, Scot Melville, Julien Dubois, Bear , chrysilis , David Palomares, Emil , Erik Parasiuk, Esteban Santana Santana, Freddi Hørlyck, John Rogers, Leon , Peter Lomax, Rhys Parry, ShiroiYami , Tristan Watts-Willis, Veronica Peshterianu, Dag Viggo Lokøen, John Lee, Maxime Zielony, Elizabeth Keathley, and Nicholas Welna

## Music

David Rees: http://www.davidreesmusic.com

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Crash Course — Здесь информация буквально обо всем: физике, философии, играм, экономике, политике, астрономии, анатомии и физиологии, мировой истории, биологии, литературе, экологии, химии, психологии.

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Crash Course Literature Season Four Preview!

Crash Course Literature with John Green is back! This year, we've got a bunch of varying degrees of dystopia to talk about with you, and one mostly nice love story. We've got relatively short books full of big ideas, coming at you on Tuesdays for the rest of the year. Here's the reading list:

1984 - George Orwell
The Handmaid's Tale - Margaret Atwood
Candide - Voltaire
Parable of the Sower - Octavia Butler
The Yellow Wallpaper - Charlotte Perkins Gilman
To the Lighthouse - Virginia Woolf
Macbeth - William Shakespeare
Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen

Consider supporting local book stores by purchasing your books through https://bookshop.org/ or at your local book seller.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial: http://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, Thomas Frank, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Indika Siriwardena, Alexander Tamas, Caleb Weeks, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Tom Trval, Cami Wilson, Justin Zingsheim, Moritz Schmidt, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
--

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1984 by George Orwell, Part 1: Crash Course Literature 401

In which John Green returns for a dystopian new season of Crash Course Literature! We're starting with George Orwell's classic look at the totalitarian state that could be in post-war England. Winston Smith is under the eye of Big Brother, and making us think about surveillance, the role of government, and how language can play a huge part in repressive regimes.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial: www.adobe.com/creativecloud/catalog/desktop.html

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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George Orwell's 1984, Part 2: Crash Course Literature 402

In which John Green continues discussing George Orwell's 1984. Today we're talking about what the novel 1984 has to say about what some have called today's surveillance society. We'll also look at the idea that language can be used as a means to control people's thoughts. Can something like Newspeak prevent a person from having certain thoughts? I wish I had the words to express how I feel about that. Luckily, John does have the words.

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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The Handmaid's Tale, Part 1: Crash Course Literature 403

In which John Green teaches you about Margaret Atwood's speculative fiction novel, The Handmaid's Tale. John looks at some of the themes in this classic dystopian novel, many of which are kind of a downer. The world of Gilead that Atwood created looks at a lot of the issues that we deal with today, and the very human impulse to return to an imagined golden era, thereby solving all of our modern world's problems. Yeah, it doesn't work like that.

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
The Handmaid's Tale, Part 2: Crash Course Literature 404

This week, John Green continues to teach you about Margaret Atwood's speculative fiction, The Handmaid's Tale. In this installment, we're looking at Atwood's desire to tell a story from a female point of view, and what exactly it means to tell a story in that way, and if in fact there is an inherently male or female way to tell a story. We'll also look at why Atwood presents the story's final chapter from the perspective of a male scholar.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial! http://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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Candide: Crash Course Literature 405

John Green teaches you about Voltaire's hugely important Enlightenment novel, Candide. Candide tells a pretty wild story, but for the most part, it's about the best of all possible worlds. Which, spoiler alert, doesn't seem to be the best of all possible worlds. Voltaire's novel is a pretty frank look at Enlightenment philosophy that finds a lot of the thinking of the time wanting. It's also got lots of sex, death, and travel!

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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The Parable of the Sower: Crash Course Literature 406

This week, John is teaching you about the near-future dystopia in Octavia Butler's Parable of the Sower. Parable of the Sower tells the story of Lauren Oya Olamina, and her life growing up in a post-climate change, semi-lawless America. It's not great. The book reads as a dystopia, as a bildungsroman, and as a sacred text. Lauren grows up in a terrible future, and a lot of the book is concerned with the religion she has created, Earthseed. There's lots to think about in this one, and John will talk you through it.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Jessica Wode, Cami Wilson, Eric Prestemon, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Tom Trval, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Kathrin Janßen, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Jason A Saslow, Steve Marshall
--

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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
The Yellow Wallpaper: Crash Course Literature 407

Today on Crash Course Literature, John Green teaches you about The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Yellow Wallpaper tells the story of a woman who is a prisoner in her own home, in the name of caring for her mental health. The narrator stares all day the yellow wallpaper

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids
To the Lighthouse: Crash Course Literature 408

John Green teaches you about Virginia Woolf's modernist novel, To the Lighthouse. Let's face it. You're not reading To the Lighthouse for the plot. There's not a whole lot of plot, unless you count the tension about the beef stew. You're reading it because it's a pioneering literary work that explores point of view, narrative flow, and the nature of art, among other things. You're going to love it. I mean, part of the story is told from the perspective of a house.

Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free 30 day trial: http://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Free Will, Witches, Murder, and Macbeth, Part 1: Crash Course Literature 409

The Sound! The Fury! Today, we're talking about Shakespeare's Scottish play, Macbeth. So, was Macbeth really predestined to do all the murdering and bad kinging and other terrible stuff? That's the big question in Macbeth, and it's one of the ideas we're going to talk about today, among many. Also, Yoda joins us for the open letter.

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Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Gender, Guilt, and Fate - Macbeth, Part 2: Crash Course Literature 410

This week on Crash Course Literature, John Green is continuing to talk about Shakespeare's dark, bloody, Scottish play, Macbeth. This time around, we're looking at the play's characters operate, how the play deals with gender, and the Macbeth as an early anti-hero. He's no Walter White, but you can definitely love to hate him. Or hate to love him. Or both!

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Pride and Prejudice, Part 1: Crash Course Literature 411

In which a series about literature, which is wanting of an episode on Jane Austen, gets the first of two episodes. It's Pride and Prejudice, everybody! John Green talks about Pride and Prejudice as a product of Regency England, gives you a short biographical look at author Jane Austen, and familiarizes you with the web of human connections this book spins.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Liberals, Conservatives, and Pride and Prejudice, Part 2: Crash Course Literature 412

This is it! The final episode of CC Literature season 4 is a deeper look at Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Today we'll explore the novel's take on materialism, and we'll talk about whether the novel has a liberal or conservative message. Which matters because people have interpreted the book in various ways. Oh, and we'll explore the balance between making choices based on personal happiness or what's best for one's family. And oh yeah, we'll talk more about terrible Lydia and her disgusting bonnet.

https://www.adobe.com/creativecloud/start-with-free-creativecloud.html

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Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Mark Brouwer, Nickie Miskell Jr., Jessica Wode, Eric Prestemon, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Divonne Holmes à Court, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, Indika Siriwardena, Robert Kunz, SR Foxley, Sam Ferguson, Yasenia Cruz, Daniel Baulig, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, Evren Türkmenoğlu, Alexander Tamas, Justin Zingsheim, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, mark austin, Ruth Perez, Malcolm Callis, Ken Penttinen, Advait Shinde, Cody Carpenter, Annamaria Herrera, William McGraw, Bader AlGhamdi, Vaso, Melissa Briski, Joey Quek, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Alex S, Mayumi Maeda, Kathy & Tim Philip, Montather, Jirat, Eric Kitchen, Moritz Schmidt, Ian Dundore, Chris Peters, Sandra Aft, Steve Marshall
--

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Scishow — Невероятные факты и новости науки: узнаете, почему ваши наушники постоянно путаются и в какой позе лучше спать.

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5 Reasons Breastfeeding is Awesome

Hank gives us the top 5 scientifically documented reasons why breastfeeding is awesome - for both mom and baby.

Hosted by: Hank Green
----------
SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org
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References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-324U
A Brief History of Birth Control

Gym teacher Hank gives us the full story of the past, present, and future of birth control.

Like SciShow on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Follow SciShow on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow

References
History:
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/6/82.06.03.x.html
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/PPFA/history_bc_methods.pdf
http://www.cracked.com/article_16039_historys-10-most-terrifying-contraceptives_p2.html
Gunnar Heinsohn/Otto Steiger: The Elimination of Medieval Birth Control and the Witch Trials of Modern Times, International Journal of Women's Studies, 3, May 1982, 193-214
Silphium:
http://www.damninteresting.com/the-birth-control-of-yesteryear/
http://www.sisterzeus.com/Silphio.htm
condoms: http://www.avert.org/condoms.htm
hormonal birth control: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52188
IUD: http://www.medicinenet.com/iud/page2.htm
Future of BC: http://healthland.time.com/2011/01/06/the-future-of-birth-control/#gel2
Sterilization: http://www.medicinenet.com/surgical_sterilization/article.htm

IMAGES:

SILPHIUM:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silphium.jpg {PUBLIC DOMAIN}

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyrenecoin.jpg {fair use]

FALLOPIAN TUBES:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/presentations/100044_1.htm

{PUBLIC DOMAIN]

VAS DEFERENS:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/10017.htm {public domain]

IUD:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17078.htm

Loretta Lynn "One's On The Way (The Pill)": http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMzSYyjNb74
Weird Pregnancy Tests

Hank takes us on a trip through the history of pregnancy tests through the ages, from ancient Egypt to the first home pregnancy tests of the 1970s. It's generally not a very pretty story, but it should help make us very grateful for the modern conveniences we have today.

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References for this episode can be found in the Google document here: http://dft.ba/-6iRs
5 Amazing Facts About Babies

You know what's weird? Babies. They cry but don't produce tears; they can crawl before they can ... crawl. And they have MORE BONES THAN YOU! Learn more about these and other odd truths about newborn miniature humans.

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---

Sources for this episode:
http://patients.dartmouth-hitchcock.org/obstetrics/dhmc_tips.html
http://www.breastcrawl.org/science.shtml
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=97635&page=1
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/apr/29/1
http://www.europeanmedicaltourist.com/orthopedic-surgery/human-skeleton.html
http://www.babycenter.com/404_is-it-true-that-babies-are-born-with-the-ability-to-swim-and_10313062.bc
3 Weird Things That Happen When You're Pregnant

Lots of things go crazy in a woman's body when she's pregnant, but Hank tells you about three cool phenomena you might not have heard about. You'll want to thank your mom when you find out what they are!

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Sources for this episode:
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-09/mu-dtc091613.php
http://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/early-symptoms-of-pregnancy.aspx
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pregnancy
What Causes Morning Sickness?

If you’ve ever been pregnant, or been around a pregnant lady, you know that the agony that is morning sickness -- and it’s not just something that happens in the morning! SciShow explains the many theories about what causes it.

Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003119.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179633.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12681864
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635459/
http://mentalfloss.com/article/31674/what-causes-morning-sickness
http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/morningsickness.html
http://americanpregnancy.org/duringpregnancy/hcglevels.html
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/morning-sickness/basics/definition/con-20033445
http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2008/06/28/morning-sickness-is-an-adaptat/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3614796
http://www.ranzcog.edu.au/points-for-past-meetings2/doc_view/1127-31-it-s-not-just-morning-sickness.html
Why Do Newborn Babies Get Jaundice?

Learn why jaundiced babies have yellowish skin and eyes for the first few days after they're born and how the ancient Greeks thought birds could help cure the affliction (spoiler: they were super wrong).

Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Why Do Babies Smell So Good?

You may be familiar with it, that sweet comforting smell of new babies. So why do babies have this particular odor? Well, it has to do with psychology and a little bit of biology.

Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
SOURCES:

http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00597/full
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/ah-theres-nothing-like-new-baby-smell/?_r=0
http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/10/new-baby-smell-is-real.html#
http://healthland.time.com/2013/09/26/why-moms-find-that-new-baby-smell-so-delicious/
http://www.today.com/health/new-baby-smell-creates-very-strong-bond-moms-brain-study-4B11241673
http://aplus.com/a/baby-smell-and-science
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/why-women-want-sniff-my-baby
http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/new-baby-smell
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763724/
Babies With Three Parents

You thought you knew all the ways to make a baby.

Hosted by: Hank Green
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----------
Sources:
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/mtdna
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488913001092
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/276/5319/1687
http://discovermagazine.com/2013/march/14-interbreeding-neanderthals
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mtdna-and-mitochondrial-diseases-903#
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/04/476539552/advance-in-human-embryo-research-rekindles-ethical-debate
http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=6527#3
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2096401-three-parent-babies-might-have-health-problems-in-later-life/

Image Sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UCSC_human_chromosome_colours.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrion_mini.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrial_DNA_blank.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Canis_lupus_howling_on_glacial_erratic.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondria,_mammalian_lung_-_TEM.jpg
Does Music Really Make Babies Smarter?

There’s a myth out there that music will make your baby smarter. But it turns out that Mozart will not turn your baby into Einstein.

Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281386/
https://archive.org/stream/ERIC_ED390733/ERIC_ED390733_djvu.tx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8413624
http://www.yalescientific.org/2012/03/the-mozart-effect-not-so-noteworthy/
http://pss.sagepub.com/content/10/4/366.short
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289610000267
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1348/026151002166433/abstract
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281386/
How Can One Person's Blood Save 2 Million Babies?

An Australian man named James Harrison holds the world record for most blood donations. His blood has saved the lives of millions of newborn babies, but how can one man's blood help babies all over the world?

Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/The-Rh-Factor-How-It-Can-Affect-Your-Pregnancy#cause
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Rhesus-disease/Pages/Prevention.aspx
https://www.guideline.gov/summaries/summary/34964
http://www.bcshguidelines.com/documents/Anti-D_bcsh_07062006.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2266/
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974349-overview
http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/09/health/james-harrison-golden-arm-blood-rhesus/
Why Do I Have Varicose Veins?

Usually, the 160,000 kilometers of blood vessels in your body work incredibly smoothly. However, the forces of age, weight gain, and gravity can conspire to cause lumpy varicose veins.

Hosted by: Michael Aranda
----------
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----------
Sources:
https://www.circulationfoundation.org.uk/help-advice/veins/varicose-veins-endovenous-laser-therapy
https://www.fi.edu/heart/blood-vessels
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/keeping_healthy/heartdiseaserev2.shtml
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/varicose-veins/symptoms-causes/dxc-20178128
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Varicose-veins/Pages/Whatarevaricoseveins.aspx
https://www.circulationfoundation.org.uk/help-advice/veins
https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/varicose-spider-veins.html#E
http://search.proquest.com/openview/056a60d02a64d891a387978bb5ddd6f4/1?pq-origsite=gscholar
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/varicose_veins_85,p08259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8616659
Why Do Humans Have Menopause?

The human body is full of mysteries, but we can start to solve those mysteries with help from science and the bodies of grandma whales.

SciShow is nominated for a Webby!
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Sources:
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/dec/15/what-science-doesnt-know-about-the-menopause-what-its-for-how-to-treat-it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFDatCchpus
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/booming/womens-eggs-diminish-with-age.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472648310613041
http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/06June/Pages/WarningToOlderMothers.aspx
https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/30/5/465/2355057/Ovarian-Aging-Mechanisms-and-Clinical-Consequences
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433273/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7925746
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1628/2943
https://www.researchgate.net/blog/post/why-do-killer-whales-go-through-menopause
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/01/why-do-killer-whales-go-through-menopause/512783/
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/05/why-killer-whales-go-through-menopause-but-elephants-dont/

Images:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_whale#/media/File:Killerwhales_jumping.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_(Globicephala_macrorhynchus)_(8604841637).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_4.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant#/media/File:Elephants_at_Amboseli_national_park_against_Mount_Kilimanjaro.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_whale#/media/File:Orca_pod_southern_residents.jpg
thinkstock.com
Growing Lambs in High-Tech Plastic Bags

We're closer than ever to growing life in artificial wombs, and we've learned a bit more about how glucose and protein affect exercise endurance.

Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15112
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/preemies-floating-in-fluid-filled-bags/524181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12667832?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg
http://sciencing.com/what-functions-umbilical-cord-4672809.html
publications/press-releases/unique-womb-device-could-reduce-mortality-and
https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/25/mechanical-womb-premature-infant/

http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(17)30211-5
http://www.marathontraining.com/articles/art_39th.htm
https://www.eurekalert.org/emb_releases/2017-05/cp-tso042717.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586836/
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15112/figures/1
https://www.research.chop.edu/chop-research-institute-
SciShow Quiz Show: Weird Animal Parenting

How do adult strawberry poison frogs pass on toxins to their tadpoles? What happens when scientists add iodine to axolotl tanks? Find out, as our How To Adult hosts Rachel Calderon-Navarro, Project Manager at DFTBA, and Hank Green face off in this episode of SciShow Quiz Show.

How To Adult: https://www.youtube.com/LearnHowToAdult

Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:

Poison frogs
http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/11/21/poison-frogs-make-their-babies-toxic-too/
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/05/070514-poison-frogs.html
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150723-10-astonishing-animal-parents

Milk
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151016-five-animals-you-never-knew-make-milk-for-their-babies
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7086/full/nature04403.html
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/seven-most-extreme-milks-animal-kingdom-180956588/

Axolotl
https://books.google.com/books?id=aFSnXpONJEoC&pg=PA370&lpg=PA370
http://www.axolotl.org/tiger_salamander.htm
http://io9.gizmodo.com/5826750/scientists-show-that-peter-pan-grows-up-with-a-shot-of-iodine
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-salamanders-that-refuse-to-grow-up-64827289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1563619

Mauvine
http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/motm/perkin.html
https://www.chemheritage.org/historical-profile/william-henry-perkin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2194336/

Hair Dye
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/hair-dye-a-history/383934/
http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/newton/reference/mineral.do
https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z6vCGbf66YC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115
https://www.thoughtco.com/salon-hair-color-chemistry-602183

Bacteria
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-02/cp-bfs020217.php
http://www.cell.com/chem/fulltext/S2451-9294(17)30001-3

Images
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shewanella_oneidensis.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mauv2.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albinoaxolotl3.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:From_axolotl_to_ambystoma.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oophaga_pumilio_(Strawberry_poision_frog)_(2532163201).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boulengerula_taitanus_1.jpg
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/new-skin-feeding-amphibian-found-in-french-guiana/

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Honey: Brought to You by Bees | FoodStuff

Honeybees make thousands of nectar-collection trips for every ounce of honey humans enjoy -- and we've been enjoying it since before written history was a thing. Anney and Lauren talk to a scientist, a chef, and a mead maker about how bees work, the amazing ways that honey can be used, and what's going on with colony collapse disorder.

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Marshmallows: Make, Eat, Repeat | FoodStuff

Anney and Lauren visit MalviMallows to learn how marshmallows are made, sample serveral flavors and roast some marshmallows over a tabletop barbeque.

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Sweetbreads: Neither Sweet nor Bread | FoodStuff

Not exactly sweet and definitely not a bread, sweetbreads are a type of offal with a pedigree among gastronomes. We explore how people treated this odd, tasty gland in the past, and how it made a comeback, with the help of executive chef Spencer Gomez of Holeman and Finch Public House in Atlanta, Georgia.

Audio Episode: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/sweetbreads.htm

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Subscribe on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1209196729), Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/4nYaabgKy13cOM4fydH9kX), GooglePlay (https://play.google.com/music/listen?u=0#/ps/Iilp6fa5za75ob6pdfabqfphwk4) or wherever podcasts are found.
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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Yogurt: More Than Just Bacteria Poop | FoodStuff

Would yogurt make a good video? Anney and Lauren investigate, from prehistory to bizarre sanitarium treatments to modern marketing campaigns, and go inside a yogurt manufacturing plant to see how it's made.

Audio Episode: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/yogurt-more-than-just-bacteria-poop.htm

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Subscribe on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1209196729), Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/4nYaabgKy13cOM4fydH9kX), GooglePlay (https://play.google.com/music/listen?u=0#/ps/Iilp6fa5za75ob6pdfabqfphwk4) or wherever podcasts are found.

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Tonic Syrup: From Curative to Cocktails | FoodStuff

Anney and Lauren visit local tonic syrup purveyor (along with other cocktail fixings) 18.21 Bitters to learn more about tonic syrup, quinine and try a couple of cocktails for good measure.

Audio Episode on the Gin & Tonic: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/gin-and-tonic.htm

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Subscribe on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1209196729), Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/4nYaabgKy13cOM4fydH9kX), GooglePlay (https://play.google.com/music/listen?u=0#/ps/Iilp6fa5za75ob6pdfabqfphwk4) or wherever podcasts are found.

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
How Gin Is Made | FoodStuff

Anney and Lauren visit Atlanta-based Old Fourth Distillery and try their hand at making gin. This includes a trip to the cemetery.

Audio Episode "Cocktail Hour: The Gin & Tonic": http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/gin-and-tonic.htm ...Or listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, GooglePlay or wherever podcasts can be found.

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Video on tonic water coming soon!

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Apple Pie: The (Really) Old-Fashioned Way | FoodStuff

Anney and Lauren join forces with local book and recipe historian Julia Skinner to try to follow a 1600s recipe for apple pie.

FoodStuff "Life of (Apple) Pie" Audio Podcast: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/life-of-apple-pie.htm

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Subscribe on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1209196729), Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/4nYaabgKy13cOM4fydH9kX), GooglePlay (https://play.google.com/music/listen?u=0#/ps/Iilp6fa5za75ob6pdfabqfphwk4) or wherever podcasts are found.

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Champagne: Science, History, and Everyday Sipping | FoodStuff

Champagne wasn't always a symbol of celebration -- it started as an explosive mistake that French winemakers tried to prevent. Anney and Lauren explore sparkling wine's history with a master sabreur (i.e., a professional at breaking bottles open with swords) and visit a winery to see how it's made today.

Audio Episode: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/foodstuff/champagne-and-sparkling-wine.htm
Twitter: @foodstuffhsw
Instagram: @foodstuff
Facebook: foodstuffhsw

Subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, GooglePlay or wherever podcasts are found.

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A new-ish audio podcast and video series from HowStuffWorks about, y'know, food and stuff. Join hosts Anney Reese and Lauren Vogelbaum as they explore the science, history, and culture behind everything we eat & drink.
Bonobos Learn the Value of Cooking & Bald's Leechbook | SYSK Internet Roundup

Josh and Chuck discuss bonobos learning the value of good cooking, and a thousand year-old leechbook that turns out to hold at least one very valuable cure.

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Watch More http://www.youtube.com/JoshAndChuck

Sources:

Bonobos Cooking:

http://mentalfloss.com/article/64762/study-shows-chimps-can-learn-cook

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMbWDRzqNhc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlIKOHO7D_w

The Leechbook:

http://www.popsci.com/ancient-medical-remedy-works-against-modern-resistant-bacteria
3 Gluten Myths | What the Stuff?!

A few years ago, you probably didn't even know that the stuff that gives bread its chewy texture had a name. Gluten is naturally found in wheat, barley and rye, and humans have been eating it for about 10,000 years, maybe longer. Nevertheless, in recent years gluten has become the latest nutritional boogeyman. Here are 3 myths about gluten.

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Article:
http://www.howstuffworks.com/10-myths-about-gluten.htm

Music:
The Insider - "A Difficult Subject"

Transcript:

You’ve probably heard a lot about gluten in the news. It’s the stuff that makes bread chewy, a protein formed by two chemicals, glutenin and gliadin. Humans have been eating it for at least 10,000 years, and it’s one of the most heavily consumed proteins on Earth. Recently gluten has become the latest nutritional boogeyman. Anti-gluten evangelists claim it causes everything from obesity to cancer. Medical and nutritional experts take a dim view of many of those claims. Here are 3 of the biggest gluten myths they’re trying to debunk.

1. Lots of People Are Gluten-intolerant

Actually, it's only a small number. About 1% of the U.S. population has celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that injures the small intestine and prevents patients from absorbing other nutrients from food when they ingest gluten. It can cause awful side effects, from gastrointestinal distress and chronic fatigue to anemia. Additionally, another 6% of the American public may have a controversial condition called non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Even for some people with NCGS, gluten may not be the real problem. In a 2013 study, researchers found that when excluding a broad class of nutrients called FODMAPS − which includes everything from fructose to bananas and asparagus – from NCGS patients’ diets, they stopped having gastrointestinal distress, even when they ate gluten.

2. To Avoid Gluten, You Need to Buy Special Food

OK, so maybe you need to stay away from gluten because of celiac disease or NCGS. Or maybe you're just convinced that gluten is bad for you. Companies that manufacture gluten-free foods can’t wait to meet – and overcharge - you. A bag of gluten-free chocolate chip cookies, for example, may cost close to five times as much as the regular kind. But you don't need to buy a $13 bag of cookies or a $6 loaf of bread to avoid gluten. A lot of foods naturally don't have any gluten in them, including fruits, vegetables, meats, poultry, fish, nuts, milk, most cheeses and yogurt, herbs, spices, and oils, butter, margarines, rice, certain cereals, and corn tortillas.

3. It's Possible to Live Completely Gluten-free

Eating a 100% gluten-free diet may be theoretically possible, but according to National Foundation for Celiac Awareness president Alice Bast "in reality, it's nearly an impossible feat.” The FDA actually allows products to be labeled gluten-free, even if they contain up to 20 parts per million. Further, the FDA doesn't actually require food manufacturers to test their finished products for gluten content. The FDA reassures people with celiac disease that all this probably doesn't put them at too much risk, since research shows that most of them can tolerate extremely small amounts of gluten. But for those who believe that gluten is an intolerable poison that must be avoided in any amount, the reality is going to be difficult to swallow.

What do you think? Are people exaggerating the dangers of gluten, or ignoring a very real danger? Let me know in the comments below, and for more info, check out our article 10 Myths About Gluten at HowStuffWorks.com.
4 Food Animals Smarter Than Your Pet | What the Stuff?!

Some animals that frequently appear on our dinner plates and in our delicacies are smart. Probably smarter than your pets. How smart? Lauren explains.

Article: http://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/5-food-animals-that-are-smarter-than-your-pet.htm

Music: “Innermission” by Airglow
https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Airglow/Memory_Bank/AIRGLOW_-_Memory_Bank_-_09_Innermission

Video Attribution:

Amazing octopus camouflage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2UeR2pvoMA

Babe Movie CLIP - The Sheep Password (1995)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbFux7_RQpA

Camera falls from airplane and lands in pig pen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrxPuk0JefA

Cute Pig Playing Video Games
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dFwx95ufEk

Flamboyant cuttlefish, Mimic octopus, Blue ringed octopus, Hairy octopus, White “V” octopus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDdgn6PFWCo

Joe Pesci beats the shit outta some pigeons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8qlc9Toc4Y

Octopus steals my video camera and swims off with it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5DyBkYKqnM

Pigeon outsmarts cat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ah2mHjwv7DM

Ryan Doyle - Mardin, Turkey Assassins Creed style
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3gVWeAcpKE

Sheep could use a throat lozenge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqj-QNYsZFk

Sheep Protest
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcE5aDTszrY

Virginia the Grumble Pig
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIrs7TT4hhc

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* How much do you think about how much your food thinks? Some animals that frequently appear on our dinner plates and in our delicacies are smart. Probably smarter than your pets. Maybe smarter than you?
* Like pigs. In the wild, pigs live in long-term, matriarchal social groups and can distinguish each individual pig they know. They can recognize individual humans, too. And in research labs, pigs have proved themselves to be quick on the uptake. A study from Cambridge showed that when given a mirror, pigs will investigate it and check themselves out in it, and can later remember how mirrors work well enough to use one to find food that’s otherwise hidden from their view. That shows impressive awareness and spatial recognition. And a study from Pennsylvania State University demonstrated that pigs can play simple videogames by gripping joysticks with their snouts – all with the same proficiency as chimpanzees and other non-human apes. Pigs can even be trained to herd groups of another very smart animal that we eat: sheep.
* Sheep show off their smarts way more as individuals than when they're following their flock. They can test as intelligent as rodents, monkeys, and - in some aspects - even humans. A sheep can recognize people, respond when you call its name, react to nuances of human facial expressions, and create a mental map of its surroundings. And you might wanna cut back on derogatory references like “sheeple”: They also show signs of being able to formulate plans.
* [Cephalopods:] Invertebrate sea creatures like octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish are difficult to compare to your Fido, Schnookems, or Colonel Flufferbutt because they evolved under such different circumstances. These cephalopods have both central and peripheral nervous systems: Their head brain works together with individual arm-and-tentacle brains, meaning each limb can act and react completely independently. But despite that, scientists can draw some comparisons to land mammals. For example, baby squid learn via trial and error, like baby humans do. And octopuses can take objects apart, navigate mazes, and play – which demonstrates imagination. Octopuses are considered to be one of the only group of creatures that’s self-aware, right up there with apes, dolphins, elephants, and crows. And speaking of our feathered friends:
* Pigeons! Also known to meat eaters as “squab,” and to New Yorkers as “rats with wings.” But pigeons are so smart that they can be taught abstract concepts about numbers. At a university in New Zealand, they learned to count shapes and rank groups of shapes according to the number of items each contained. In this task, they performed as well as rhesus monkeys. Beyond math, pigeons can recognize individual people who've been hostile toward them and avoid them in the future. They can also recognize _themselves_ in prerecorded videos.
* A footnote, here, both from me and from a bunch of the researchers I mentioned in this episode: None of this is meant to make you feel bad about eating meat if eating meat otherwise makes you feel happy and healthy. But when you can, support farms and programs that help give food animals a good quality of life.
Why Are Wine Bottles Usually Green?

Most wine bottles are green. Is it because they're pretty? Or do they protect the booze juice inside somehow?

Learn more at HowStuffWorks.com:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/winemaking.htm

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Have you ever been taking out your recycling and you look at all those wine bottles in the bin and ask yourself, "Wait... why are these all green?"

Well the simple answer is that green glass is the most common packaging format for wine bottles. Some of them are clear, amber or even blue... but for the most part they're green. But why?

In 2008 the Waste and Resources Action Program charity published a report trying to reduce the volume of wasteful packaging in the United Kingdom. And they found some interesting data on wine, glass and ultraviolet light.

Exposure to short wavelength, ultraviolet light can elicit color changes in wine and have negative effects on its stability. Turns out it causes a chemical reaction, that forms sulphurous compounds.

"Light struck" is actually the term for the unpleasant flavor and aromas created by this reaction. It can occur within minutes and even a tiny amount of these compounds can make your wine taste like hobo box-juice.

Stay close to me now, as it turns out that certain kinds of glass can block this UV light so it doesn't turn wine into fermented Yoohoo. Winemakers have known this for several centuries before we even discovered electromagnetic radiation. So, they've traditionally stored the adult beverage in opaque containers until the bottles go up on a retailer's shelves.

And while the weight and thickness of a bottle's glass only offers minor protection for your “grape juice plus,” the color of the bottle allows different wavelengths of light to be transmitted or filtered.

So, it follows, then, that wine bottles must be green because they’re the best at protecting wine from the UV spectrum. Right?

Actually, no... they're traditionally green because that color has been the cheapest and easiest to produce in large quantities, while still being aesthetically appealing. Turns out that amber glass is actually the best protection against light, blocking more than 90% of harmful exposure. Green glass on the other hand only blocks 30-50% of the harmful light, while clear glass is the worst, only affording 10% protection.

But hey, since there haven't been a ton of customer complaints about wine in transparent containers, winemakers are probably going to stick with the ever popular green.

Just a heads up though that its not just sunlight that's a problem. Fluorescent lights in a store can ruin wine too. Some companies try to mitigate this by using filters, or adding UV-screening coatings to the bottles. But if you really want your wine to taste the way it’s meant to, maybe drink it from an amber bottle.

SOURCES:

SHORTAGE OF…GLASS?. (2008). Brand Packaging, 12(3), 4.

Duarte, I., Rotter, A., Malvestiti, A., & Silva, M. (2009). The role of glass as a barrier against the transmission of ultraviolet radiation: an experimental study. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 25(4), 181. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00434.x

Rowan, C. (2001). Innovation in glass packaging. Food Engineering & Ingredients, 26(4), 30.

DUNGWORTH, D. (2012). THREE AND A HALF CENTURIES OF BOTTLE MANUFACTURE. Industrial Archaeology Review,34(1), 37. doi:10.1179/0309072812Z.0000000002

Waste and Resources Action Program Action Sheet. Assessment by Glass Technology Services and the University of Sheffield.

http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/what-we-do-1

Hartley, Andy. The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Wine Quality. WRAP. May 2008.

Dias, D.A., Smith, T.A., Ghiggino, K.P., and Scollary, G.R. 2012. The role of light, temperature, and wine bottle colour on pigment enhancement in white wine. Food Chemistry 135: 2924-2941.
Food Styling 101

Why do professional photos of food look so much better than the stuff we scroll past on Instagram? Cristen and Ben sat down with Caroline Clements, professional food stylist, to learn the tips and trick for taking your next food photo from yuck to yum.

Check out PeachDish at www.peachdish.com.

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How Meal Kits Work

Microwave dinners are so 20th century. Meal kits – pre-measured ingredients and gourmet recipes shipped to people’s homes – are taking a growing bite out of the $1 trillion food industry in the U.S. In this episode of FoodStuff, Ben and Cristen visit Atlanta-based meal kit company PeachDish to find out how these newfangled dinners are cooked up.

Check out PeachDish at www.peachdish.com.

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Does Soy Cause Cancer?

The real answer to this question is “it’s complicated,” but Lauren breaks down the current research and evidence for you.

Learn more at HowStuffWorks.com:
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/soy-bad-for-you1.htm

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I’m Lauren, this is BrainStuff, and our question today is “Does soy cause cancer?” I wanna be awkwardly straightforward here: The answer is “it’s complicated”. But I’m gonna break down the current research and evidence for you.

First, let’s talk about soy. It’s pretty cheap to cultivate because it yields a lot of edible stuff per acre.

You can cook and eat soybeans, of course, but you can also process them into soy sauce, miso paste, soy oil, soy milk, tofu, fat-free soy meal and etc., or even isolate out particular compounds.

Each type of soy product has (obviously) different nutritional properties. So saying that soy as a whole “does” anything is treading on shaky ground.

But! One of the things that soy can do is act like estrogen in your body. That’s because soybeans contain particles called isoflavones, which are chemically similar to estrogens. They’re less potent than estrogen, but similar enough that isoflavones can fit into cellular receptors that were designed for estrogen.

For example, breast tissue cells contain estrogen receptors. And sometimes, when a li’l chunk of estrogen locks into one of those receptors, it causes a chain reaction that encourages cancerous tumor growth.

But isoflavones can block it from happening! If isoflavones get to those receptors first, the estrogen can’t lock in and set off the tumorous reaction.

Isoflavones can also spur cells to produce a protein that binds to free-roaming estrogen in your body, meaning it has a hard time locking into receptors. And isoflavones can even prevent estrogen from forming in fat tissue the first place.

So eating soy food products may help prevent some cancer. And yes, research backs this up. In medical studies following large populations of women for many years, eating a variety of soy stuff as part of your normal diet has been found to either have no association with breast cancer or sometimes to protect against it.

Now, there are laboratory studies with mice and rats that have linked cancer specifically to two types of soy protein isolates and to high doses of isoflavones.

But mice are not men.

We need more research to determine whether the same link is present in humans, and if so, at what levels of consumption. Important note: The soy isolates used in these studies aren’t what go into our food – though they are similar to soy supplement pills.

There are so many factors involved in diet and lifestyle and cancer. It’s nigh impossible to link any food to cancer definitively at our current level of knowledge.

But basically, science says that it’s safe to eat a moderate amount of soy products, cancerwise. You just probably shouldn’t take soy supplements until we learn more about how they affect us.

SOURCES:

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2012/08/02/the-bottom-line-on-soy-and-breast-cancer-risk.aspx

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/amanda-greene/soy-lecithin-why-is-it-in_b_2891780.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007204.htm

http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/soy-bad-for-you1.htm/printable

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-0528.12853/abstract

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614407

http://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-types-er-positive-her2-positive

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Can Wearing Red Make You A Winner? | Earth Lab

How can colour effect whether we win or lose in competition ? A study into Taekwondo matches may lead to some answers.
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Horizon - Do You See What I See?
When we describe something as red or blue or yellow, we take it for granted that other people will understand and know what we mean. But how can we be sure that our experiences of colour are the same? Is colour merely a creation of our brains? Is the colourful world we see the physical or real world at all? Or is it about perception and affected by the language we speak, the age we are or even our nationality? In this programme, Horizon finds out what colour really means to us, whether there is hope for the colour blind and if we could even extend human vision.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
How Colour Can Change Your Perception Of Time | Earth Lab

Which colour will trick your brain into thinking time has been sped up?
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Horizon: Do You See What I See
When we describe something as red or blue or yellow, we take it for granted that other people will understand and know what we mean. But how can we be sure that our experiences of colour are the same? Is colour merely a creation of our brains? Is the colourful world we see the physical or real world at all? Or is it about perception and affected by the language we speak, the age we are or even our nationality? In this programme, Horizon finds out what colour really means to us, whether there is hope for the colour blind and if we could even extend human vision.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
How Does a Gastric Bypass Work? | Earth Lab

Gastric bypasses reduce the size of the stomach - but can it also change your behaviour and appetite?

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Horizon: The Truth About Fat

Surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers the surprising truth about why so many people are piling on the pounds, and how to fight the fat epidemic. She discovers the hidden battles of hormones that control people's appetites, and sees the latest surgery that fundamentally changes what a patient wants to eat by altering how their brains work. Gabriel is shocked to find out that when it comes to being overweight, it is not always your fault you are fat.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Is Weight Determined By Nature or Nurture? | Earth Lab

Is there a gene that determines body weight? Two identical twins might hold the answer by looking at epigenetics.
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The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: The Truth About Fat

Surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers the surprising truth about why so many people are piling on the pounds, and how to fight the fat epidemic. She discovers the hidden battles of hormones that control people's appetites, and sees the latest surgery that fundamentally changes what a patient wants to eat by altering how their brains work. Gabriel is shocked to find out that when it comes to being overweight, it is not always your fault you are fat.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Are Your Hormones Influencing Your Weight? | Earth Lab

How does a 'hunger' hormone differently affects people of different weights? And is it the cause for eating patterns and weight?

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Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: The Truth About Fat

Surgeon Gabriel Weston discovers the surprising truth about why so many people are piling on the pounds, and how to fight the fat epidemic. She discovers the hidden battles of hormones that control people's appetites, and sees the latest surgery that fundamentally changes what a patient wants to eat by altering how their brains work. Gabriel is shocked to find out that when it comes to being overweight, it is not always your fault you are fat.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Can Gastric Bypass Surgery Change Your Brain? | Earth Lab

An MRI scan reveals how your brain changes when looking at different type of food...
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

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Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Can Fast Food Affect Brain Diseases? | Earth Lab

Could our diet also affect our brains? Experiments on mice suggest that Alzheimer's could be affected by our food.
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon - Eat, Fast And Live Longer

Michael Mosley has set himself a truly ambitious goal: he wants to live longer, stay younger and lose weight. But he wants to make as few changes to his life as possible along the way. And he thinks he's found the answer - the ancient idea of fasting. Could the powerful new science behind this idea lead to a longer, healthier life? Michael thinks he's found a way of fasting that still allows him to enjoy his food. It sounds too good to be true. So Michael decides to take a road trip across the US to investigate how a little hunger can make you younger - and of course - to try out some of this new science for himself.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
How Important Is Your Diet For Your Health? | Earth Lab

Your diet can increase your health... but just how much?
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon - Eat, Fast And Live Longer

Michael Mosley has set himself a truly ambitious goal: he wants to live longer, stay younger and lose weight. But he wants to make as few changes to his life as possible along the way. And he thinks he's found the answer - the ancient idea of fasting. Could the powerful new science behind this idea lead to a longer, healthier life? Michael thinks he's found a way of fasting that still allows him to enjoy his food. It sounds too good to be true. So Michael decides to take a road trip across the US to investigate how a little hunger can make you younger - and of course - to try out some of this new science for himself.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
How Has Disease Helped Humans Evolve? | Earth Lab

Diseases have been one of the biggest drivers of evolution by favouring genetic mutations.
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Will Humans Survive the Next Great Epidemic? | Earth Lab

With technology having helped us defeating diseases, will this make future generations more vulnerable to them due to lack of natural selection?
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
What Can Chickens Tell Us About Human Diseases? | January 2019 | Earth Lab

A virus has evolved to kill vaccinated chickens.
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Can Science Tell Us How Humans Will Evolve? | Earth Lab

Every species is constantly evolving, but can science tell us what human evolution will look like?
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Has Human Technology Kept Us from Evolving? | Earth Lab

Has technology sheltered us from natural selection?

Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
Are Cosmetically Engineered Babies Changing The Course Of Evolution? | Earth Lab

It's now possible to modify the genes in embryos to alter the genes for their cosmetic trait
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Are We Still Evolving?
Dr Alice Roberts asks one of the great questions about our species: are we still evolving? There's no doubt that we're a product of millions of years of evolution. But thanks to modern technology and medicine, did we escape Darwin's law of the survival of the fittest? Alice follows a trail of clues from ancient human bones, to studies of remarkable people living in the most inhospitable parts of the planet, to the frontiers of genetic research to discover if we are still evolving - and where we might be heading.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.
How Our Brains Process Colour | Earth Lab

Will colour constancy be the key to understanding how our brains process colour ?
Best of Earth Lab: http://bit.ly/EarthLabOriginals
Best of BBC Earth: http://bit.ly/TheBestOfBBCEarthVideos
The Doctors Are In The House: http://bit.ly/TheDoctorsAreInTheHouse

Horizon: Do You See What I See
When we describe something as red or blue or yellow, we take it for granted that other people will understand and know what we mean. But how can we be sure that our experiences of colour are the same? Is colour merely a creation of our brains? Is the colourful world we see the physical or real world at all? Or is it about perception and affected by the language we speak, the age we are or even our nationality? In this programme, Horizon finds out what colour really means to us, whether there is hope for the colour blind and if we could even extend human vision.

Welcome to BBC Earth Lab! Here we answer all your curious questions about science in the world around you (and further afield too). If there’s a question you have that we haven’t yet answered let us know in the comments on any of our videos and it could be answered by one of our Earth Lab experts.

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THNKR — Люди, истории и идеи, которые меняют взгляд на мир.

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Design Elements | Color

From olive green to neon pink, designers understand the power of the perfect hue. Color is what makes a Lilly Pulitzer print stand out in the clothing racks, what makes Marimekko's free shapes come alive, and is crucial to Deborah Adler's innovative prescription packaging design system.

Go behind the scenes in this episode of Elements with fashion and product design trendsetters Stephen Burrows, Angela Missoni, Jason Wu, and others as they demonstrate how color informs their design process.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design Elements | Pattern & Print

In this episode of Elements, get a peek behind the scenes of design with Italian fashion powerhouse Missoni, as Angela Missoni describes the trademark zig zag pattern, intricate weaves, and colorful knitted fabric, all created by her parents Rosita and Ottavio in the early 60s.

Joseph Altuzarra loves a good animal print, John Derian creates environments with his decoupage art and Isaac Mizrahi finds inspiration in vintage prints: "I go mad for floral.”

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design Elements | Material & Form

Touch up on your knowledge of material and form in this episode of Elements, with the designers who redefined the meaning. They give you the insider perspective on the materials and shapes that inform their designs. Every curve, line, and silhouette is intentional - especially to bring well thought out design to the masses.

Joseph Altuzarra reminds us that “our lives are not a rehearsal. Why not surround ourselves with well designed things?”

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design Impact | Melissa & Lucy

In this Design Impact episode, follow along as Melissa Amponsah and her daughters Jada and Lucy guide us through the impact design has had on their lives.

When Lucy was born in need of hearing aids and feeding tubes, Melissa initially struggled to find clothing for Lucy that was comfortable, stylish, and practical. However, upon connecting with product designer Stacy Monsen and textile designer Natalie Schild, a new line of adaptive clothing for children was born.

With a new focus on inclusive design, Lucy is now able to wear clothing designed for her (with abdominal access for g-tubes) but that looks and feels just like what other kids are wearing.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Jason Wu

In this episode of Collaborators, designer Jason Wu stops by his favorite NYC vintage shop for inspiration, and explains why "great design should never be limited by how much something costs."

From dressing the first lady to his inclusive collaborations, Wu’s designs embody a timeless, feminine style.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Michael Graves

This episode of Collaborators features architect Michael Graves, known for creating a beautifully designed scaffolding for the Washington Monument renovation project in the late 90s. The project was a huge success, both beautiful to behold and functional in use.

Michael Graves Design truly believes design should be "accessible for everyone." Graves led the way in elevating and transforming the everyday through an inspired balance of form and function. His inclusive design and collaborations ushered in a new era for the brand, and his firm designed over 2000 items for the masses, including the iconic Spinning Whistle Teakettle.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Lilly Pulitzer

Lilly Pulitzer's pastel patterns were born out out necessity, when she launched her very first business running a juice stand in Palm Beach, Florida, in the 1960s. Lilly's clothes would be covered in fruit stains after a day at the stand, so she designed a smart, brightly printed dress to cover up the stains. The dress was a hit, and Lilly’s playful pastel prints quickly took off, soon worn by none other than the first lady on the cover of Life Magazine.

Lilly’s beautiful patterns are timeless classics and, in this episode of Collaborators, see how the Pulitzer brand is the ultimate party, and everyone is invited.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Deborah Adler

Aesthetics are crucial to any successful design, says product design innovator and inventor Deborah Adler. "Equally as important is the functionality and the usefulness” of the product.

Adler demonstrates how she gave the old orange prescription bottle its first makeover in more than 50 years to create the new Clear Rx packaging system. See how she developed her revolutionary product design, which started as a prototype for her master's thesis at SVA and today can be seen at the MOMA.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | John Derian

NYC artist John Derian started collecting and collaging as a child and has never stopped. Derian's delicate designs on plates and trays, wall art, stationery and more are beloved by the masses.

In this episode of Collaborators, Derian discusses his background, influences and process as he walks us through the prints that graced his eclectic collections.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Stephen Burrows

New York City fashion designer Stephen Burrows’ 1970s disco knits rank at the top of every vintage collector’s must-have list. Burrows was way before his time, explains his current muse, Anna Cleveland.

In this episode of Collaborators, Anna and Stephen visit Burrows' archival warehouse in NYC, where the legendary disco dress designer and rule-breaker shares down the practical needs that drove him to fashion design. Instead of traditional woven fabrics, he chose to work with knits to breathe more life into the shape of his dresses, adorned with the signature Stephen Burrows' "lettuce edge" scalloping.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design for All | Hunter

When British designer Alasdhair Willis joined the team at Hunter Original Boots in 2013, the British Heritage brand only made one thing - Wellington rain boots. Get an inside look into the Hunter Boots design room in London, England, where the Wellington boot was used as inspiration to create an entire design language that has expanded into a multi-platform line of bags, apparel, accessories and shoes.

For Hunter, family is the core value, and Alasdhair notes, “we embrace the fact that we are there for every member of the family.”

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design For All | Isaac Mizrahi

Sit down with fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi at his NYC studio as he revisits major life moments and shares the influences that shaped his career.

In 1986, when the young designer launched his first line, Isaac and a team of seamstresses made the clothes by hand — a time-intensive process which necessitated big price tags. However, Isaac wanted to be able to reach a larger audience. So he made a cultural commitment to figure out how to design less expensive clothes that could be “as resonant and important as the very expensive clothes.”

As Isaac says: “Design is anything we say it is, from moment to moment. There really is nothing that separates high and low.”

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design For All | Anna Sui

In this episode of Collaborators, Anna Sui takes us behind the scenes of her design studio in New York City’s Garment District. Anna shares her early dreams of becoming a fashion designer, how she fulfilled those dreams by moving to NYC as a teenager during the rise of the punk scene, and shows the development process behind each of her collections.

Additionally, Anna outlines her design philosophy of creating high quality clothing that is attainable and inclusive. This means creating fashion with a "spirit" but not an age group in mind.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design For All | Phillip Lim

Phillip Lim started his career with a simple mission: make clothes for people like him and his friends. "Young professionals who want the best, at prices they could actually afford," Lim says. “Early goals when we started 3.1 Phillip Lim? We didn't have goals. We just wanted to exist. We wanted to have that freedom and that liberty to make clothes that we desired, personally."

Sit down with Lim at his flagship store in Soho for a look at the inspiration behind some of his most famous collections, including the NYFW SS17 "Midnight at the Victorian Rodeo," a mash up of Victorian-era British style and 1950s American-country aesthetics. The designer shares how he keeps things fresh — the secret, he says, is to stay open to new influences, stay uncomfortable.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*
Design For All | Missoni

Get a rare peek inside the Missoni headquarters, in Varese, Italy, with Angela Missoni, Creative Director and President of the brand founded by her parents, Ottavio & Rosita in 1953. Angela describes the specialized, revolutionary knitwear technique that her parents discovered 66 years ago. "The story behind the zig zag? Everybody thinks it’s a pattern. It has never been designed from a sketch, it was just a technique they discovered for knitwear."

See how Angela and her team find inspiration for each new runway season, and how she has honored the timelessness of the brand her parents built, while also modernizing and expanding the Missoni brand by "updating the vocabulary" -- designing silhouettes that are inclusive for all shapes, ages and sizes.

To view more of Target's "Design For All" series of micro-documentaries, check out Target's YouTube channel at:

https://www.youtube.com/user/Target

*This content is owned and copyrighted by Target.*

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